Incubation of rat testicular membranes with cholesteryl hemisuccinate resulted in an increase in both membrane lipid microviscosity and 125I-labelled hCG specific binding. The purpose of this investigation was to establish which functional groups of cholesteryl hemisuccinate are important for the stimulatory effects. The data obtained showed that only esters of cholesterol with dicarboxylic acids, not those of monocarboxylic acids, increase the accessibility of LH/hCG receptors and membrane rigidity. Experiments with cholesteryl sulfates showed that there are polar groups on C3 carbon of cholesterol having no stimulatory effect on receptors, although an increase in membrane rigidity occurred. The side-chain of cholesterol is important for the stimulatory action. Androstenolone hemisuccinate was ineffective in this respect. On the other hand, partially modified side-chains (hemisuccinates of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol) did not result in a marked reduction of the stimulatory action. The carboxyl group of cholesteryl hemisuccinate must be 'free': its esterification abolishes the stimulatory effect of cholesteryl hemisuccinate on both the LH/hCG receptor and membrane microviscosity. These results suggest that an intact carboxyl group of ester and the side-chain of cholesterol are indispensable for the stimulatory effect of cholesteryl hemisuccinate on the accessibility of LH/hCG receptors.

• MeSH
• buněčná membrána účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• choriogonadotropin metabolismus   MeSH
• estery cholesterolu farmakologie   MeSH
• fluidita membrány účinky léků   MeSH
• inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• receptory LH účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• sitosteroly farmakologie   MeSH
• stigmasterol farmakologie   MeSH
• testis účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• viskozita MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesteryl succinate MeSH Prohlížeč
• choriogonadotropin MeSH
• estery cholesterolu MeSH
• gamma-sitosterol MeSH Prohlížeč
• receptory LH MeSH
• sitosteroly MeSH
• stigmasterol MeSH

We show in the present study that freshly isolated pig cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) display a limited response to LH, as assessed by the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) mRNA, activation of protein kinase A (PKA), production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and progesterone, cumulus cell expansion and resumption of meiosis. These data indicate that freshly isolated COCs do not possess a sufficient number of functional LH receptors (LHR). However, the expression of Lhr significantly increased during the culture of COCs in vitro in a medium supplemented with FSH. Assuming that the effect of FSH on LHR induction is mediated via cAMP signaling pathways, we developed a new culture system, in which the COCs were pre-cultured for 72 hr in a medium supplemented with dbcAMP. The pre-cultured COCs remained in the germinal vesicle stage, their cumulus investment underwent a dramatic increase in size and gap junctions between the cumulus cells were preserved. The stimulation of such COCs with either FSH or LH led to the resumption and completion of meiosis, activation of PKA, expression of Has2, synthesis of large amounts of HA and progesterone, and extensive expansion of cumulus cells. We conclude that the formation of functional LHR is stimulated in cumulus cells during the culture in vitro in a cAMP-dependent pathway. The dbcAMP-treated COCs thus represent a new model in which the resumption of meiosis and cumulus expansion can be induced exclusively by the action of recombinant LH.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• buněčné kultury metody   MeSH
• dibutyryl cyklický AMP farmakologie   MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon farmakologie   MeSH
• glukuronosyltransferasa biosyntéza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kumulární buňky cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová metabolismus   MeSH
• luteinizační hormon farmakologie   MeSH
• messenger RNA biosyntéza   genetika   MeSH
• oocyty cytologie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• ovariální folikul účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• progesteron metabolismus   MeSH
• proteinkinasy závislé na cyklickém AMP metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory LH biosyntéza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dibutyryl cyklický AMP MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon MeSH
• glukuronosyltransferasa MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová MeSH
• luteinizační hormon MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• progesteron MeSH
• proteinkinasy závislé na cyklickém AMP MeSH
• receptory LH MeSH

OBJECTIVE: High extracellular calcium concentration (Cao(2+)) acts to inhibit calcium sensing receptor (CaR) signalling on cellular surfaces in parathyroid glands. This receptor is, however, also expressed on the membranes of some non-calciotropic endocrine cells, including pituitary-derived cells. The aim of our study was to analyse relationships between the CaR gene and the circulating FSH and LH in normal post-menopausal women. METHODS: A total of 95 untreated euparathyroid post-menopausal women were investigated in the study. The serum FSH and LH levels were evaluated in relationship to allele combinations of the CaR gene (C/T polymorphism in the intron 5 and A986S polymorphism in exon 7), using an analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA) model. RESULTS: Distribution of TT, TC and CC allele combinations (intron 5 C/T polymorphism) was 51, 43 and 6 %, respectively. Higher serum FSH and LH levels were found in carriers of C allele than in women without this allele (p < 0.002 and p < 0.03, respectively). No correlations were found between A986S polymorphism and serum FSH and LH levels. CONCLUSIONS: Serum FSH and LH levels are associated with intron 5 C/T (but not A986S) polymorphism of the CaR gene in untreated post-menopausal women. The physiological role of the CaR gene in the regulation of the gonadotropic function needs to be further investigated.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon krev   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• introny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• luteinizační hormon krev   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• postmenopauza * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• receptory "calcium-sensing" genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• folikuly stimulující hormon MeSH
• luteinizační hormon MeSH
• receptory "calcium-sensing" MeSH
• vápník MeSH

Granulosa cell (GC) expressed androgen receptors (AR) and intrafollicular androgens are central to fertility. The transactivating domain of the AR contains a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence, which is linked to the transcriptional activity of AR and may influence the GC function. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the AR CAG repeat length on the intrafollicular hormone profiles, and the gene expression profiles of GC from human small antral follicles. In total, 190 small antral follicles (3-11 mm in diameter) were collected from 58 women undergoing ovarian cryopreservation for fertility preservation. The biallelic mean of the CAG repeat lengths were calculated for each woman, and grouped in three groups: Long CAG repeats (23-26 mean CAG); medium CAG repeats (20.5-22.5 mean CAG) and short CAG repeats (17.5-20.0 mean CAG). The following parameters were measured: follicle diameter, intrafollicular levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone and androstenedione, and GC gene expression levels of FSHR, LHR, AR, CYP19A1, and AMH. The long CAG repeat lengths were associated with significantly decreased testosterone levels, as compared to medium CAG repeats (P = 0.05) and short CAG repeats (P = 0.003). Furthermore, in follicles 3-6 mm in diameter, the long CAG repeats were associated with significantly increased LHR and CYP19A1 gene expression levels compared to short CAG repeat lengths (P = 0.004 and P = 0.04 respectively), and significantly increased LHR expression compared to medium CAG repeat lengths (P = 0.03). In conclusion, long CAG repeat lengths in the AR were associated to significant attenuated levels of androgens and an increased conversion of testosterone into oestradiol, in human small antral follicles.

• Klíčová slova
• Androgen levels, Androgen receptor, CAG repeats, Follicular fluid, Human small antral follicles,
• MeSH
• androgenní receptory genetika   MeSH
• aromatasa genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• expanze trinukleotidových repetic * MeSH
• folikulární tekutina cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pohlavní hormony genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory LH genetika   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese metody   MeSH
• testosteron metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgenní receptory MeSH
• AR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• aromatasa MeSH
• CYP19A1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• pohlavní hormony MeSH
• receptory LH MeSH
• testosteron MeSH

Vinclozolin (VZ) is a pesticide that acts as an anti-androgen to impair reproduction in mammals. However, VZ-induced disruption of reproduction is largely unknown in fish. In the present study, we have established a combination exposure in which adult goldfish were exposed to VZ (30 and 100 μg/L), anti-androgen flutamide (Flu, 300 μg/L), and androgen testosterone (T, 1 μg/L) to better understand effects of VZ on reproductive endocrine system. mRNA levels of kisspeptin (kiss-1 and kiss-2) and its receptor (gpr54), salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh3) and androgen receptor (ar) in the mid-brain, and luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr) in the testis were analyzed and compared with those of control following 10 days of exposure. kiss-1 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to 100 µg/L VZ and to Flu, while kiss-2 mRNA level was increased following exposure to Flu and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. gpr54 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combination of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu and 100 µg/L VZ with T. gnrh3 mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to 100 µg/L VZ, to Flu, and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. The mid-brain ar mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combinations of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu, 100 µg/L VZ with T, and Flu with T. Testicular lhr mRNA level was increased in goldfish exposed to Flu and to combination of 30 µg/L VZ with Flu. These results suggest that VZ and Flu are capable of interfering with kisspeptin and GnRH systems to alter pituitary and testicular horonal functions in adult goldfish and the brain ar mediates VZ-induced disruption of androgen production.

• Klíčová slova
• Androgen receptor, Flutamide, Kisspeptin, Luteinizing hormone receptor, Salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone, Testosterone,
• MeSH
• androgenní receptory genetika   MeSH
• androgeny farmakologie   MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů farmakologie   MeSH
• flutamid farmakologie   MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny genetika   MeSH
• karas zlatý genetika   MeSH
• kisspeptiny genetika   MeSH
• kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová analogy a deriváty   MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• průmyslové fungicidy farmakologie   MeSH
• receptory LH genetika   MeSH
• receptory spřažené s G-proteiny genetika   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• rybí proteiny genetika   MeSH
• testis účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• testosteron farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• androgenní receptory MeSH
• androgeny MeSH
• antagonisté androgenů MeSH
• flutamid MeSH
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone-III MeSH Prohlížeč
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny MeSH
• kisspeptiny MeSH
• kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• oxazoly MeSH
• průmyslové fungicidy MeSH
• receptory LH MeSH
• receptory spřažené s G-proteiny MeSH
• rybí proteiny MeSH
• testosteron MeSH
• vinclozolin MeSH Prohlížeč

Melatonin inhibits GnRH-induced release of LH and FSH from the neonatal, but not the adult, rat anterior pituitary gland. This action of melatonin is mediated by the specific high-affinity membrane-bound receptors that are absent in adult rats. The intracellular mechanism of melatonin action involves a decrease in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i in the gonadotrophs; melatonin inhibits GnRH-induced Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum as well as Ca2+ influx through voltage-sensitive channels. Melatonin also inhibits GnRH-induced accumulation of cAMP, which may result in the decreased influx of Ca2+, because cAMP, acting through protein kinase A, stimulates Ca2+ influx into the gonadotrophs. This age-dependent effect of melatonin on gonadotrophin release from the pituitary may be involved in the timing of puberty.

• MeSH
• adenohypofýza metabolismus   MeSH
• AMP cyklický metabolismus   MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• luteinizační hormon metabolismus   MeSH
• melatonin fyziologie   MeSH
• melatoninové receptory MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• proteiny vázající GTP fyziologie   MeSH
• receptory buněčného povrchu metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární metabolismus   MeSH
• systémy druhého messengeru MeSH
• transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• vápník metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• AMP cyklický MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny MeSH
• luteinizační hormon MeSH
• melatonin MeSH
• melatoninové receptory MeSH
• proteiny vázající GTP MeSH
• receptory buněčného povrchu MeSH
• receptory cytoplazmatické a nukleární MeSH
• transkripční faktory MeSH
• vápník MeSH

Tench (Tinca tinca) is apparently the only known member of the Cyprinidae in which ovulation is stimulated following administration of a low dose of GnRH analogue (GnRHa) without a dopamine inhibitor. This study evaluated LH release effectiveness of the most commonly used GnRHa and clarified whether LH secretion followed by ovulation is subject to inhibitory dopaminergic control in tench. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with three types of GnRHa, GnRHa with dopamine inhibitor metoclopramide (combined treatment), or the dopamine inhibitor metoclopramide alone. LH concentrations at five sampling times (0, 6, 12, 24, and 33 h) together with ovulation success and fecundity index were recorded. The combined treatment triggered an almost immediate LH release peak with a gradual decline, and resulted in a high ovulation rate. In contrast to the combined treatment, an application of GnRHa alone at 10 μg kg(-1) induced gradual increase of LH concentrations with peaks close to ovulation time, and with high ovulation success. Significant differences in LH concentrations at 6 and 12h and no differences in ovulation success were found between the combined and the GnRHa alone treatments. Metoclopramide alone induced a small increase in LH with no ovulation. The study presents clear evidence of dopaminergic control of LH release in tench, with a high ovulation rate obtained after application of GnRHa alone or in combination with dopamine inhibitor.

• MeSH
• antagonisté dopaminu farmakologie   MeSH
• Cyprinidae fyziologie   MeSH
• dopamin fyziologie   MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• luteinizační hormon fyziologie   MeSH
• metoklopramid farmakologie   MeSH
• ovulace účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antagonisté dopaminu MeSH
• dopamin MeSH
• hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny MeSH
• luteinizační hormon MeSH
• metoklopramid MeSH

Commercially available, but not yet characterized, the AVG-16 granulosa cell line was established from granulosa cells of medium porcine follicles. To examine the suitability of the AVG-16 cell line for studying the molecular mechanism of action of various environmental oestrogens, we investigated: 1/ cell morphology (by standard haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining); 2/ basal and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated steroid hormone (progesterone; P4 and 17β-oestradiol; E2) secretion (by radioimmunoassay) and 3/ expression of receptors involved in the regulation of granulosa cell function: FSH receptor (FSHR), LH receptor (LHR), oestrogen receptor α (ERα), oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). mRNA and protein expression was determined by RT-PCR and fluorescence immunocytochemistry, respectively. The secretion of P4 and E2 by AVG-16 cells was in the range of steroid hormone secretion by porcine cultured primary granulosa cells. Neither FSH (100 ng/ml) nor LH (100 ng/ml) affected P4 and E2 secretion by AVG-16 cells. The presence of FSHR and LHR at both mRNA and protein level was not demonstrated in the cells. However, AVG-16 cells were found to express mRNA and protein of ERα, ERβ and AhR. The results of our study showed that AVG-16 cells possess the capability of steroid hormone production, and both oestrogen receptors and AhR are present in these cells. Therefore, AVG-16 cells may serve as an unlimited source of homogenous porcine granulosa cells useful for studying the effects of environmental oestrogens on ovarian physiology.

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• folikulární buňky cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory FSH metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory LH metabolismus   MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
• receptory FSH MeSH
• receptory LH MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny MeSH

The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) has a little studied polymorphic 6 bp insertion (rs4539842/insLQ). This study has evaluated the insLQ polymorphism in relation to potential associations with hormonal characteristics of human small antral follicles (hSAFs). In total, 310 hSAFs were collected from 86 women undergoing fertility preservation. Analysis included hormonal profile of 297 follicular fluid (FF) samples and 148 corresponding granulosa cells samples were evaluated by qPCR for selected genes. Significantly reduced and non-detectable mRNA levels of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor II (AMHR2) and LHCGR, respectively, were observed for insLQ/insLQ compared to -/insLQ and the -/- genotypes. Moreover, LHCGR and CYP19a1 together with oestradiol and inhibin-B were significantly increased in -/insLQ compared to the -/- genotype. The homozygous insLQ genotype showed strong significant associations to GC specific genes LHCGR and CYP19a1, which may translate into significant changes in FF hormone profiles and an altered LH signaling.

• Klíčová slova
• Follicle fluid, Human small antral follicles, LHR, rs4539842,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• folikulární buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• folikulární tekutina metabolismus   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• hormony metabolismus   MeSH
• inzerční mutageneze * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ovariální folikul metabolismus   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• receptory LH genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hormony MeSH
• messenger RNA MeSH
• receptory LH MeSH

Immature ovariectomized female rats primed with estradiol or without estrogen priming were treated with epitestosterone i.p. After 7 h blood was collected and LH and FSH levels were determined. The dose-response relationship was a biphasic one. LH and less markedly FSH levels decreased under epitestosterone treatment with doses up to 10 mg, whereas at higher doses an increase of gonadotrophins was observed.

• MeSH
• epitestosteron aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• estradiol farmakologie   MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon krev   MeSH
• injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• luteinizační hormon krev   MeSH
• ovarektomie MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epitestosteron MeSH
• estradiol MeSH
• folikuly stimulující hormon MeSH
• luteinizační hormon MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny MeSH