The structure of the pharynx of the adult female nematode Anguillicoloides crassus (Spirurina) has been studied for the first time using light and transmission electron microscopy. The cylindrical pharynx consists of a short anterior muscular corpus and an enlarged posterior glandular and muscular postcorpus. The main cellular components of the pharynx of A. crassus include the muscle cells, the marginal cells, the nerve cells, and 1 dorsal and 2 subventral glands. New observations for nematodes include: (1) the non-contractile regions of pharyngeal musculature in the corpus have specific appearance; (2) the ventrosublateral longitudinal nerve in the pharynx has an enlarged, enucleated anterior part, with a pronounced palmate projections; and (3) abundant lysosomelike membranous bodies consisting of myelinlike figures of varied size present in marginal cells and pharyngointestinal valve. The 2 subventral glands and, apparently, the single dorsal gland, have their openings at the same level, i.e., at the border between the corpus and postcorpus. The pharyngeal-intestinal valve joins the pharynx to the intestine. Knowledge of the ultrastructure of these complex characters may be useful in understanding of functional features, and for comparative morphology as well as evolutionary considerations within the Chromadorea.
- MeSH
- Anguilla parasitology MeSH
- Pharyngeal Muscles anatomy & histology cytology MeSH
- Pharynx anatomy & histology cytology ultrastructure MeSH
- Fish Diseases parasitology MeSH
- Neurons cytology MeSH
- Rhabditida anatomy & histology isolation & purification ultrastructure MeSH
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Keywords
- CICATRIX *, PHARYNX *, SURGERY, OPERATIVE *, WOUNDS AND INJURIES *,
- MeSH
- Surgical Procedures, Operative * MeSH
- Pharynx * MeSH
- Cicatrix * MeSH
- Wounds and Injuries * MeSH
- Constriction, Pathologic MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The gnathostome pharyngeal cavity functions in food transport and respiration. In amniotes the mouth and nares are the only channels allowing direct contact between internal and external epithelia. In teleost fish, gill slits arise through opening of endodermal pouches and connect the pharynx to the exterior. Using transgenic zebrafish lines, cell tracing, live imaging and different markers, we investigated if pharyngeal openings enable epithelial invasion and how this modifies the pharyngeal epithelium. We conclude that in zebrafish the pharyngeal endoderm becomes overlain by cells with a peridermal phenotype. In a wave starting from pouch 2, peridermal cells from the outer skin layer invade the successive pouches until halfway their depth. Here the peridermal cells connect to a population of cells inside the pharyngeal cavity that express periderm markers, yet do not invade from outside. The latter population expands along the midline from anterior to posterior until the esophagus-gut boundary. Together, our results show a novel role for the periderm as an internal epithelium becomes adapted to function as an external surface.
- MeSH
- Zebrafish anatomy & histology embryology MeSH
- Endoderm embryology MeSH
- Pharynx anatomy & histology embryology MeSH
- Animals, Genetically Modified MeSH
- Gills anatomy & histology embryology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Keywords
- PHARYNX/surgery *,
- MeSH
- Surgical Flaps * MeSH
- Pharynx surgery MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures * MeSH
- Surgery, Plastic * MeSH
- Plastic Surgery Procedures * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The author summarizes briefly contemporary findings on possible treatment of mycotic affections of the pharynx and oesophagus with regard to the availability of different antimycotic preparations on the Czechoslovak market.
- MeSH
- Antifungal Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mycoses drug therapy MeSH
- Pharyngeal Diseases drug therapy MeSH
- Esophageal Diseases drug therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- English Abstract MeSH
- Journal Article MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Antifungal Agents MeSH
BACKGROUND: The goal of this prospective study was to determine the frequency of micrometastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx in whom elective neck dissection was indicated (cN0). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients (10 males and 2 females) were enrolled in the study. The age ranged 42-73 years (median 62 years). Elective neck dissection was performed in all patients (8 ipsilateral, 4 bilateral) and a total of 256 lymph nodes were removed and sent for microscopic examination. RESULTS: The presence of tumor cells in cervical lymph nodes was found in 5/12 (42%) patients. Micrometastases of SCC were found in two patients and isolated tumor cells (ITC) in two other patients. In the remaining one patient with oropharyngeal SCC, a micrometastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was detected. Positive lymph nodes were localized in level II in three patients with SCC of larynx, hypopharynx and tongue base, respectively, in level I in one patient with SCC of oral tongue and in level III in one patient with PTC. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that SCC of head and neck has a high potential for creating micrometastases which frequency is higher compared to clinically detected macrometastases. Therefore, elective neck dissection or radiotherapy of the neck should be considered in patients with high risk of occult metastases or micrometastases.
- Keywords
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Isolated tumor cells, Micrometastases, Occult metastases,
- MeSH
- Neck Dissection methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lymph Node Excision methods MeSH
- Neoplasm Micrometastasis * diagnosis pathology MeSH
- Pharyngeal Neoplasms * pathology surgery MeSH
- Laryngeal Neoplasms * pathology surgery MeSH
- Mouth Neoplasms * pathology surgery MeSH
- Patient Care Planning MeSH
- Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Prospective Studies MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell * pathology surgery MeSH
- Neoplasm Staging MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The tonsils are organized as lymphoepithelial structures that play an important role in protecting both the upper respiratory and alimentary tract regions against incoming antigens. This function requires dendritic cells, professional antigen-presenting cells that act as peripheral sentinels, specializing in the uptake, processing and presentation of antigenic material. This article gives a brief review on dendritic cells with regard to their origin, life cycle and functions in the pharyngeal mucosa. The regulation of immune responses in tonsils by dendritic cells is discussed. Their importance in some disease states is also mentioned.
- MeSH
- Immunity, Cellular immunology MeSH
- Cell Cycle physiology MeSH
- Cell Lineage physiology MeSH
- Dendritic Cells immunology physiology MeSH
- Pharynx immunology physiology MeSH
- Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell immunology MeSH
- Infections immunology MeSH
- Palatine Tonsil immunology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neoplasms immunology MeSH
- Respiratory Mucosa immunology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Pharyngeal Neoplasms * diagnosis pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- English Abstract MeSH
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Esophagoplasty * MeSH
- Pharynx surgery MeSH
- Laryngectomy * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Suture Techniques MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
