The success of bottom-up proteomic analysis frequently depends on the efficient removal of contaminants from protein or peptide samples before LC-MS/MS. For a peptide clean-up workflow, single-pot solid-phase-enhanced peptide sample preparation on carboxylate-modified paramagnetic beads (termed SP2) was evaluated for sodium dodecyl sulfate or polyethylene glycol removal from Arabidopsis thaliana tryptic peptides. The robust and efficient 40-min SP2 protocol, tested for 10-ng, 250-ng, and 10-µg peptide samples, was proposed and benchmarked thoroughly against the ethyl acetate extraction protocol. The SP2 protocol on carboxylated magnetic beads proved to be the most robust approach, even for the simultaneous removal of massive sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) contaminations from AT peptide samples in respect of the LC-MS/MS data outperforming ethyl acetate extraction.

• Klíčová slova
• Arabidopsis thaliana, LC-MS/MS, SP2, detergent, ethyl acetate extraction, magnetic beads, peptide clean-up, polyethylene glycol, sodium dodecyl sulfate,
• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• dodecylsíran sodný MeSH
• kapalinová chromatografie-hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• peptidy analýza   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly * MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dodecylsíran sodný MeSH
• ethyl acetate MeSH Prohlížeč
• peptidy MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly * MeSH

On a farm where the ration of cows contained 88.0 g of butyric acid, an experimental group of cows (n = 8), producing milk containing 7.9 mg or more acetone per litre, was studied for 14 days for the effect of a 250 g supplement of sodium acetate to the ration (combined with single i.m. administration of vitamins A, D2 and E) on selected metabolism parameters and on milk production. As distinct from the control group of cows (n = 8) from the same farm which produced milk containing 3.9 mg or less acetone per litre and which were fed without sodium acetone supplements, a tendency of increased alkaemia of the organism was suggested in the experimental cows. This tendency manifested itself during the trial in increased pH values, increased base excess (BE) and standard bicarbonate (SB) in the blood, and in an increase in the pH value and net acido basic secretion in urine. A decrease was recorded in the concentration of the acetone + acetacetic acid sum, the same as beta-hydroxybutyric acid in blood and the sum of acetone and acetacetic acid in milk (P less than 0.01). An insignificant increase of the activity of gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (GMT) was recorded in the blood serum of the experimental cows and a significant increase occurred in the content of potassium (up to P less than 0.01) and urea (up to P less than 0.01) in urine. The supplement of sodium acetate to the feed ration did not influence the degree of ketonuria and the finding of urobilinogen in urine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

• MeSH
• acetáty aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aceton analýza   MeSH
• acidóza veterinární   MeSH
• ketóza farmakoterapie   veterinární   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata * MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH
• mléko analýza   MeSH
• nemoci skotu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• aceton MeSH
• kyselina octová MeSH

Ellman's method is a standard protocol for the determination of cholinesterases activity. Though the method is ready for laboratory purposes, it has some drawbacks as well. In the current article, 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate is performed as a chromogenic substrate suitable for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity examination. Michaelis constant and maximal velocity for 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate were determined (38.0 µM and 244 pkat) and compared to the values for acetythiocholine (K(m) 0.18 mM; V(max) 5.1 nkat). Docking for 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate and human AChE was done as well. In conclusion, 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate seems to be suitable chromogenic substrate for AChE and spectrophotometry and based on this it can be easily performed whenever AChE activity should be tested.

• Klíčová slova
• Acetylcholinesterase, Ellman method, assay, butyrylcholinesterase, chromogen, spectrophotometry, substrate,
• MeSH
• 2,6-dichlorindofenol chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• acetáty chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory chemická syntéza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2,6-dichlorindofenol MeSH
• acetáty MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH

The structures of the bichromophoric compounds N-(1-naphthylacetyl)glycine phenacyl ester, C(22)H(19)NO(4), (I), and its oxygen analogue, phenacyl (1-naphthylacetoxy)acetate, C(22)H(18)O(5), (II), have been determined. The molecules of (I) are held together by intermolecular N-H...O hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl and N-H groups, while compound (II) does not show any hydrogen bonding in the crystal.

• MeSH
• acetáty chemie   MeSH
• chemické jevy MeSH
• fyzikální chemie MeSH
• glycin analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• naftaleny chemie   MeSH
• vodíková vazba MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• glycin MeSH
• N-(1-naphthylacetyl)glycine phenacyl ester MeSH Prohlížeč
• naftaleny MeSH
• phenacyl (1-naphthylacetoxy)acetate MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of prior use of carbamazepine (CBZ) and other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with a putatively similar mechanism of action (inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels; VGSCs) on seizure outcomes and tolerability when converting to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL), using data pooled from 2 controlled conversion-to-ESL monotherapy trials (studies: 093-045, 093-046). METHODS: Adults with treatment-resistant focal (partial-onset) seizures were randomized 2:1 to ESL 1600 or 1200 mg once daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was study exit (meeting predefined exit criteria related to worsening seizure control) versus an historical control group. Other endpoints included change in seizure frequency, responder rate, and tolerability. Endpoints were analyzed for subgroups of patients who received CBZ (or any VGSC inhibitor [VGSCi]) during baseline versus those who received other AEDs. RESULTS: Of 365 patients in the studies, 332 were evaluable for efficacy. The higher risk of study exit in the subgroups that received CBZ (or any VGSCi) during baseline, versus other AEDs, was not statistically significant (hazard ratios were 1.49 for +CBZ vs -CBZ [P = .10] and 1.27 for +VGSCi vs. -VGSCi [P = .33]). Reductions in seizure frequency and responder rates were lower in patients who converted from CBZ or other VGSCi compared with those who converted from other AEDs. There were no notable differences in overall tolerability between subgroups, but the incidence of some adverse events (eg, dizziness, somnolence, nausea) differed between subgroups and/or between treatment periods. SIGNIFICANCE: Baseline use of CBZ or other major putative VGSC inhibitors did not appear to significantly increase the risk of study exit due to worsening seizure control, or to increase the frequency of side effects when converting to ESL monotherapy. However, bigger improvements in efficacy may be possible in patients converting to ESL monotherapy from an AED regimen that does not include a VGSC inhibitor.

• Klíčová slova
• antiepileptic drugs, focal seizures, refractory epilepsy, switching,
• MeSH
• antikonvulziva aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• blokátory sodíkových kanálů řízených napětím aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dibenzazepiny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karbamazepin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• náhrada léků škodlivé účinky   trendy   MeSH
• nauzea chemicky indukované   diagnóza   MeSH
• refrakterní epilepsie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antikonvulziva MeSH
• blokátory sodíkových kanálů řízených napětím MeSH
• dibenzazepiny MeSH
• eslicarbazepine acetate MeSH Prohlížeč
• karbamazepin MeSH

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is an enzyme presented in quite high level in blood plasma where it participates in detoxification reactions. Due to fact that the enzyme is constituted in livers, it is a marker of liver parenchyma function. It can be used for diagnosis of poisoning for e.g., nerve agents or carbofuran and intoxication by some drugs such as rivastigmine. The present experiment is devoted for the creation of new spectrophotometric tests for assay of BChE activity in biological samples. Standard Ellman's method was compared with use of 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate and indoxylacetate as chromogenic substrates. Maximal velocities and Michaelis constants were calculated for the substrates. Considering calibration, 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate provided the lowest limit of detection: 1.20 × 10(-9)kat and a long linear range. All methods were verified using pooled human plasma samples and tested for potential interferents. 2,6-dichloroindophenol acetate is recommended as suitable substrate for BChE assay in clinical diagnostics.

• MeSH
• 2,6-dichlorindofenol chemie   MeSH
• acetáty MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• butyrylcholinesterasa krev   MeSH
• indoly chemie   MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• spektrofotometrie metody   MeSH
• substrátová specifita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2,6-dichlorindofenol MeSH
• acetáty MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• butyrylcholinesterasa MeSH
• indoly MeSH
• indoxyl acetate MeSH Prohlížeč

• MeSH
• acetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• glukosa farmakologie   MeSH
• injekce intravenózní MeSH
• inzulin farmakologie   MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• metabolismus účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• inzulin MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH

• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfatasy genetika   MeSH
• fermentace účinky léků   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• glycerol metabolismus   MeSH
• lithium farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• octan draselný metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty * MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny * MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sodík farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adenosintrifosfatasy MeSH
• ENA1 protein, S cerevisiae MeSH Prohlížeč
• glukosa MeSH
• glycerol MeSH
• lithium MeSH
• octan draselný MeSH
• proteiny přenášející kationty * MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - proteiny * MeSH
• sodík MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH

An efficient sample preparation based on pipette tip microextraction that can be used for the analysis of retinol in human serum has been developed. Altogether, nine commercial pipette tips were compared based on recovery, sample volume, use of organic solvent, handling difficulty, duration of the preparation process, price, and greenness of the method. Retinol acetate was used as the internal standard. The extraction efficiency for both compounds was evaluated to optimize and select the best pipette tip for sample preparation, which was the WAX-S XTR pipette tip containing an ion exchanger and salt. This tip combined solid phase extraction and salting-out assisted liquid‒liquid extraction. Satisfying recoveries of 100 and 80% for retinol and retinol acetate, respectively, and good repeatability were demonstrated. The action of this pipette tip was based on the clean-up workflow in which the interferences were retained on the sorbent. The presence of residual interferences in the extracted samples did not affect the HPLC separation of compounds of interest. The simplicity of the clean-up workflow reduced the time of the sample preparation compared to the bind-wash-elute counterpart workflow. The advantages of our technique are its environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. The selected pipette tip with an excellent microextraction efficiency enables sample preparation in both clinical research and practice.

• Klíčová slova
• Disposable pipette extraction, Micro-solid-phase extraction pipette tip, Miniaturization, Pipette tip microextraction, Retinol, Sample preparation,
• MeSH
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• diterpeny * MeSH
• extrakce na pevné fázi metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retinylestery MeSH
• vitamin A * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorid sodný MeSH
• diterpeny * MeSH
• retinol acetate MeSH Prohlížeč
• retinylestery MeSH
• vitamin A * MeSH

Additives in vaping products, such as flavors, preservatives, or thickening agents, are commonly used to enhance user experience. Among these, Vitamin E acetate (VEA) was initially thought to be harmless but has been implicated as the primary cause of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury, a serious lung disease. In our study, VEA serves as a proxy for other e-cigarette additives. To explore its harmful effects, we developed an exposure system to subject a pulmonary surfactant (PSurf) model to VEA-rich vapor. Through detailed analysis and atomic-level simulations, we found that VEA tends to cluster into aggregates on the PSurf surface, inducing deformations and weakening its essential elastic properties, critical for respiratory cycle function. Apart from VEA, our experiments also indicate that propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin, widely used in e-liquid mixtures, or their thermal decomposition products, alter surfactant properties. This research provides molecular-level insights into the detrimental impacts of vaping product additives on lung health.

• Klíčová slova
• EVALI, Lung surfactant, Molecular dynamics simulation, Pulmonary surfactant, Vaping-associated pulmonary injury,
• MeSH
• acetáty analýza   chemie   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plicní surfaktanty * chemie   MeSH
• propylenglykol chemie   MeSH
• systémy dodávající nikotin elektronicky * MeSH
• vaping * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• vitamin E * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• plicní surfaktanty * MeSH
• propylenglykol MeSH
• vitamin E * MeSH