Methandienone is a synthetic exogenous steroid which, like other anabolic steroids, is strictly regulated in many countries. In recent years, increasing numbers have been detected of illegal additions into dietary supplements of methandienone and other anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). In this work, a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been constructed for the detection of methandienone using an antiserum against methandienone. Under optimal experimental conditions, the ELISA achieved a limit of detection of 0.04 ± 0.01 µg.g-1. The obtained intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 8%. The developed ELISA was applied in the analysis of real dietary supplement samples. To minimise the effect of the sample matrix, the sample extracts were simply diluted before addition into the immunoassay. The achieved recovery values were around 100%. Results obtained from the ELISA correlated well, both in terms of accuracy and precision, with those obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS (reference method). The presented ELISA could be successfully applied for the simple screening of dietary supplements.

• Klíčová slova
• Methandienone, anabolic steroid, dietary supplements, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), screening method,
• MeSH
• ELISA * MeSH
• methandrostenolon analýza   MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• methandrostenolon MeSH

Background The prevalence of dietary supplement use in the pre-operative period ranges from 4.8 to 80%. According to the Food and Drug Administration, some dietary supplements may show side effects before, during and after surgery. Objective The main aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of dietary supplement use in patients before surgery at University Hospital Hradec Kralove and the predictors of use. The secondary aim was to determine patient awareness regarding the correct use of and possible risks associated with dietary supplements. Setting University Hospital Hradec Kralove. Methods Between March 2017 and June 2018, a cross-sectional study focused on patients in the pre-operative period in different departments at University Hospital Hradec Kralove was conducted. The questionnaires were anonymous and entirely voluntary. The obtained data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and a regression model in Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS version 24. Main outcome measure The prevalence and predictors of dietary supplement use in patients before surgery. Results 256 questionnaires were returned (a response rate of 77.41%). 111 dietary supplements were used by a total of 42% of the respondents in the 30-day period prior to surgery. Patients with a higher probability of dietary supplement use included patients with urogenital (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2, 12.1), otorhinolaryngological (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.1, 13.8) and musculoskeletal health problems (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.1, 13.8). The proportion of dietary supplement users increased with the number of drugs taken concomitantly, with the probability of use being more than three times higher compared with non-dietary supplement users (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.2, 9.4). A total of 45.8% of the respondents thought there was no risk associated with their current use of dietary supplements and drugs. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of dietary supplement use in hospitalized patients, with independent predictors being comorbidity and polypharmacy. No official recommendations or guidelines exist for physicians and anaesthesiologists in the Czech Republic which focus on patients that use dietary supplements in the pre-operative period. National guidelines focusing on dietary supplement use in the pre-operative period would be appropriate.

• Klíčová slova
• Adverse reactions, Czech Republic, Dietary supplements, Herbal supplements, Herb–drug interaction, Surgery,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hospitalizace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• polypharmacy * MeSH
• potravní doplňky statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• předoperační období * MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The consumption of dietary supplements might prevent the deficiency of necessary nutrients. On the other hand, in cases of overconsumption, adverse effects might occur. In Lithuania, the COVID-19 pandemic provoked an increase in the consumption of dietary supplements. The aim of this study was to reveal the post-pandemic trend of the consumption of dietary supplements among the working-age residents of Lithuania with respect to social and demographic factors and food selection criteria. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was performed. In total, using the same methods, 3,200 residents were surveyed: 1,600 in 2021 and 1,600 in 2022. Both samples were representative for Lithuania and included residents of Lithuania aged from 18 to 64 years. According to socio-demographic factors (sex, age, level of education, type of place of residence, marital status, number of family members, presence of children under 18 years old in the household, employment status, level of income), COVID-19 experience (presence of COVID-19 cases among friends or relatives, severeness of COVID-19) and food selection criteria (health strengthening, other) the prevalence of the consumption of dietary supplements was compared between the samples. RESULTS: The consumption of dietary supplements accounted for 78.1% and 71.6% of the respondents in 2021 and 2022, respectively (p < 0.001). After the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of the consumption of dietary supplements decreased in the majority of social and demographic groups analysed in this article (p < 0.05). The consumption of dietary supplements remained unchanged among those who selected foods for health strengthening (p = 0.098). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the consumption of dietary supplements decreased after the COVID-19 pandemic in most social and demographic groups except those who selected foods for health strengthening.

• Klíčová slova
• COVID-19, Lithuania, adults, dietary supplements, food selection criteria,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• potravní doplňky * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• sociodemografické faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Litva epidemiologie   MeSH

Background The purchase of dietary supplements (DS) via the Internet is increasing worldwide as well as in the Czech Republic. Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality of information on DS available on the Internet. Setting Czech websites related to dietary supplements. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out involving the analysis of information placed on the websites related to the 100 top-selling DS in the Czech Republic in 2014, according to IMS Health data. Main outcome measure The following criteria were evaluated: contact for the manufacturer, recommended dosage, information on active substances as well as overall composition, permitted health claims, % of the daily reference intake value (DRIV) for vitamins and minerals, link for online counseling, pregnancy/breastfeeding, allergy information, contraindications, adverse reactions, and supplement-drug interactions (some criteria were evaluated from both points of view). Results A total of 199 web domains and 850 websites were evaluated. From the regulatory point of view, all the criteria were fulfilled by 11.3% of websites. Almost 9% of the websites reported information referring to the treatment, cure, or prevention of a disease. From the clinical point of view, all the criteria were only met by one website. Conclusions The quality of information related to DS available on the Internet in the Czech Republic is quite low. The consumers should consult a specialist when using DS purchased online.

• Klíčová slova
• Czech Republic, Dietary supplements, Information quality, Internet, Patients´ safety, Public health, Websites,
• MeSH
• internet ekonomika   normy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravní doplňky ekonomika   normy   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• řízení kvality * MeSH
• šíření informací * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Mycotoxin contamination of dietary supplements represents a possible risk for human health, especially in the case of products intended for people suffering from certain health conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of this problem based on analyses of a wide set of herbal-based dietary supplements intended for various purposes: (i) treatment of liver diseases (milk thistle); (ii) reduction of menopause effects (red clover, flax seed, and soy); and (iii) preparations for general health support (green barley, nettle, goji berries, yucca, etc.) The analytical method including 57 mycotoxins was based on a QuEChERS-like (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) approach and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The main mycotoxins determined were Fusarium trichothecenes, zearalenone and enniatins, and Alternaria mycotoxins. Co-occurrence of enniatins, HT-2/T-2 toxins, and Alternaria toxins was observed in many cases. The highest mycotoxin concentrations were found in milk thistle-based supplements (up to 37 mg/kg in the sum).

• Klíčová slova
• dietary supplements, milk thistle, mycotoxins, standard addition method, tandem mass spectrometry, ultraperformance liquid chromatography,
• MeSH
• depsipeptidy analýza   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykotoxiny analýza   MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• trichotheceny analýza   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• zearalenon analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• depsipeptidy MeSH
• enniatins MeSH Prohlížeč
• mykotoxiny MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky MeSH
• trichotheceny MeSH
• zearalenon MeSH

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are an emerging group of environmental pollutants associated with adverse effects on human health (such as endocrine disruption and possible carcinogenicity). CPs are classified into several groups: short- (SCCPs), medium- (MCCPs) and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs). In this study, CPs were determined in fish oil-based omega-3 dietary supplements (DS) representing widely consumed products that might be contaminated with various lipophilic contaminants including CPs. The CPs were isolated from DS (n = 85) by solid phase extraction. The SCCPs and MCCPs were determined by gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry operated in a negative chemical ionisation mode. The LCCPs (up to C21) were screened using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation operated in negative mode. The CP concentrations varied from <0.01 to 56.48 μg/g fat for SCCPs (median 0.12 μg/g fat; limit of quantification, LOQ, for SCCPs was exceeded in 51 out of 85 samples) and from <0.03-89.08 μg/g fat for MCCPs (median 0.26 μg/g fat; LOQ for MCCPs was exceeded in 66 out of 85 samples), respectively. The LCCPs were not quantified in this study, nevertheless their limit of detection (0.5 μg/g fat) was exceeded in 7 out of 85 samples. Due to high levels of CPs, DS might pose as a significant source of CPs exposure to some population groups.

• Klíčová slova
• Chlorinated paraffins, Dietary exposure estimation, Dietary supplements, Gas chromatography, High resolution mass spectrometry, Supercritical fluid chromatography,
• MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky * analýza   MeSH
• dietní tuky nenasycené * analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• parafín analýza   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• rybí oleje MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorované uhlovodíky * MeSH
• dietní tuky nenasycené * MeSH
• parafín MeSH
• rybí oleje MeSH

Iodine deficiency can cause several serious disorders, which are referred to as iodine deficiency disorders. Consequences of iodine deficiency can be prevented, for example by increased dietary intake of iodine. In the diet, iodine is found mainly in sea fish, seafood and seaweed (kelp, kombu, nori, wakame), eggs and dairy products, but also in mineral waters. An important source of iodine is also table salt, which has been fortified in the Czech Republic, resp. Czechoslovakia since 1947; currently valid concentration 27±7 mg/kg dates from 1997. Iodine deficiency can be prevented or solved with the help of increasingly popular food supplements. To describe the range of supplements available on the Czech market, online investigation of retailers was carried out in the period from February to the end of March 2021. Approximately 91 different food supplements were found to have listed, which have iodine in their composition. These accessories are available in various forms. The price for the recommended daily dose ranges from 1 to about 30 CZK, exceptionally raises even to 60 CZK. Supplements were divided into 8 groups according to different specifications and suitability for use for certain groups in the population. The spectrum of available food supplements is rich and in their choice care should be taken in consulting doctor or pharmacist, as the content of the supplement may exceed a safe dose for long-term use.

• Klíčová slova
• Iodine, Reference Intakes, dietary supplements, iodine, supplements,
• MeSH
• jod * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• jod * MeSH

Avidin-biotin technology was used for the implementation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (AB-ELISA) as a sensitive method for the detection of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) present in dietary supplements. Using click chemistry, novel haptens (linker-optimized biotinylated nandrolone (NT) and testosterone (T) at positions C-3 and C-17, respectively) were designed and synthesized to be then applied as four different immobilized competitors in a proposed set of four indirect competitive AB-ELISAs. Four rabbit polyclonal antibodies of various specificities were prepared using four different immunogens synthesized from C-3 and C-17 carboxymethyloxime and hemisuccinate derivatives of NT and T, respectively. Assembled AB-ELISAs were characterized to establish method parameters such as a half-maximum inhibition concentration (0.18-12.99 ng/mL), limit of detection (0.004-0.032 ng/mL) and linear working range (the best with 0.02-1.38 ng/mL). The stability of the set simulating storage in different conditions was demonstrated. Cross reactivity (CR) was tested for 59 steroids including both endogenous and synthetic analogues in four assembled AB-systems. The focus was placed on the practical use of the method in detection of various AAS in 49 samples of counterfeit dietary supplements. The concordance between ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and the CR corrected data from AB-ELISA indicated the potential of this method even to quantification of T propionate, NT phenyl propionate, and NT decanoate in such a complex matter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

• Klíčová slova
• ELISA, anabolics, avidin, biotin, dietary supplements, nandrolone, testosterone,
• MeSH
• anabolika analýza   MeSH
• avidin chemie   MeSH
• biotin chemie   MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• nandrolon analýza   MeSH
• potravní doplňky analýza   MeSH
• testosteron analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anabolika MeSH
• avidin MeSH
• biotin MeSH
• nandrolon MeSH
• testosteron MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The assessment of online health-related information presents a significant challenge for today's youth. Using the Processing of Commercial Media Content (PCMC) model, we investigated the impact of advertising on the perceived credibility of informational content concerning fitness (in boys) and dietary supplements (in girls). METHODS: In a survey-based preregistered experiment, 681 Czech adolescents (aged 13-18, 52% girls) were randomly assigned to three groups and exposed to websites with a banner ad, a native ad, or simple informational text without an ad. RESULTS: The presence of ads on websites diminishes the perceived credibility of informational content. While we did not observe the difference between banner and native advertising, we found one gender-specific difference. Specifically, boys perceive informational content linked with native ads as more credible compared to girls. Additionally, no difference was found between younger and older adolescents. Adolescents demonstrated success in identifying both types of advertisements, irrespective of their age. CONCLUSIONS: The findings are discussed in light of individual differences and various approaches to processing online content. It appears that adolescents are accustomed to native advertising, which seamlessly integrates with traditional banner ads. Moreover, it is plausible that boys assess advertising texts more heuristically and less systematically than girls. Contrary to PCMC expectations, even younger adolescents seem to possess sufficient skills to identify the advertisements.

• Klíčová slova
• adolescents, advertisements, banner advertising, credibility, fitness/dietary supplements, native advertising,
• MeSH
• internet MeSH
• inzerce jako téma * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• tělesná výkonnost MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

In this study, we tested the ability of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains to accumulate and biotransform sodium selenite into various selenium species, including selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). Selenium tolerance and cytotoxicity of selenized strains towards human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 and HT29 cells were determined for all tested strains. Furthermore, the influence of selenium enrichment on the antioxidant activity of selenized strains and hydrophobicity of the bacterial cell surfaces were evaluated. Both hydrophobicity and antioxidant activity increased significantly in the selenized L. paracasei strain and decreased significantly in the selenized L. helveticus strain. The concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L Na2SeO3 in the growth media were safer for Caco-2 and HT29 cell growth than higher concentrations. At higher concentrations (30, 50, and 100 mg/L), the cell viability was reduced. All the tested strains showed differences in antioxidant potential and hydrophobicity after selenium enrichment. In addition to selenocystine ​​and selenomethionine, the tested bacterial strains produced significant amounts of SeNPs. Our results show that the tested bacterial strains can accumulate and biotransform inorganic selenium, which allows them to become a potential source of selenium.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioaccumulation, Cytotoxicity, Functional foods, Nanoparticles, Selenium,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• Caco-2 buňky MeSH
• Lactobacillus metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• selen * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• selen * MeSH