The emotion of disgust protects individuals against pathogens, and it has been found to be elevated during pregnancy. Physiological mechanisms discussed in relation to these changes include immune markers and progesterone levels. This study aimed to assess the association between steroids and disgust sensitivity in pregnancy. Using a prospective longitudinal design, we analyzed blood serum steroid concentrations and measured disgust sensitivity via text-based questionnaires in a sample of 179 pregnant women during their first and third trimesters. We found positive correlations between disgust sensitivity and the levels of C19 steroids (including testosterone) and its precursors in the Δ5 pathway (androstenediol, DHEA, and their sulfates) and the Δ4 pathway (androstenedione). Additionally, positive correlations were observed with 5α/β-reduced C19 steroid metabolites in both trimesters. In the first trimester, disgust sensitivity was positively associated with 17-hydroxypregnanolone and with some estrogens. In the third trimester, positive associations were observed with cortisol and immunoprotective Δ5 C19 7α/β-hydroxy-steroids. Our findings show that disgust sensitivity is positively correlated with immunomodulatory steroids, and in the third trimester, with steroids which may be related to potential maternal-anxiety-related symptoms. This study highlights the complex relationship between hormonal changes and disgust sensitivity during pregnancy.

• Klíčová slova
• 7α/β-hydroxy-androgens, DHEA, androstenediol, behavioral immune system, cortisol, disgust, estrogens, pregnancy, steroids, testosterone,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpor * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• první trimestr těhotenství MeSH
• steroidy krev   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• třetí trimestr těhotenství krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• steroidy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Clinical phenotyping and predicting treatment responses in SLE patients is challenging. Extensive blood transcriptional profiling has identified various gene modules that are promising for stratification of SLE patients. We aimed to translate existing transcriptomic data into simpler gene signatures suitable for daily clinical practice. METHODS: Real-time PCR of multiple genes from the IFN M1.2, IFN M5.12, neutrophil (NPh) and plasma cell (PLC) modules, followed by a principle component analysis, was used to identify indicator genes per gene signature. Gene signatures were measured in longitudinal samples from two childhood-onset SLE cohorts (n = 101 and n = 34, respectively), and associations with clinical features were assessed. Disease activity was measured using Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI. Cluster analysis subdivided patients into three mutually exclusive fingerprint-groups termed (1) all-signatures-low, (2) only IFN high (M1.2 and/or M5.12) and (3) high NPh and/or PLC. RESULTS: All gene signatures were significantly associated with disease activity in cross-sectionally collected samples. The PLC-signature showed the highest association with disease activity. Interestingly, in longitudinally collected samples, the PLC-signature was associated with disease activity and showed a decrease over time. When patients were divided into fingerprints, the highest disease activity was observed in the high NPh and/or PLC group. The lowest disease activity was observed in the all-signatures-low group. The same distribution was reproduced in samples from an independent SLE cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The identified gene signatures were associated with disease activity and were indicated to be suitable tools for stratifying SLE patients into groups with similar activated immune pathways that may guide future treatment choices.

• Klíčová slova
• biomarkers, childhood-onset SLE, clustering analysis, disease activity, gene signatures, interferon, neutrophils, plasma cells,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• genové regulační sítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• systémový lupus erythematodes * MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In experiments on the cats the relationship was studied of individual columns of the spinal cord to irradiation of the early (propriospinal) and late component of viscerosomatic reflex responses. It was found that the intraspinal systems involved in the descending spread of activity forming the early and the late component of the splanchnic response along the spinal cord were localized mainly in the anterolateral quadrants of the white matter. The descending systems are bilateral and cross at the segmental level. The pathways participating in the spread of the two-component somatomotor discharge evoked by intercostal nerve stimulation are localized in the same area. A bilateral lesion of the dorsal part of the lateral columns of segments C1 to C3 strongly inhibited the late component of the reflex responses. Inhibition was reversible, showing that systems modifying the development and course of the late component are localized in this region. Lesion-induced changes in viscerosomatic reflex responses were parallel with changes in somatomotor discharges. This finding supports the opinion that the pathways involved are localized close together and that their action is modified by similar factors.

• MeSH
• eferentní nervové dráhy fyziologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• mezižeberní nervy fyziologie   MeSH
• mícha fyziologie   MeSH
• poranění míchy MeSH
• reflex * MeSH
• splanchnické nervy fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of relations between parenting self-concepts, parental adjustment and child temperament have been ambiguous regarding the direction of influence; and have rarely followed families from pregnancy through the first year of life. The current study examines change and stability in maternal depressive symptoms, parenting competences and child temperament through the perinatal period until nine months postpartum. METHODS: Czech mothers (N = 282) participated at three time points: the third trimester of pregnancy (Time 1), six weeks (Time 2) and nine months postpartum (Time 3). Questionnaire data concerned depressive symptoms (T1, T2, T3), maternal parenting self-esteem (T1, T2) and sense of competence (T3), and child temperament (T2, T3). A path model was used to examine concurrent and longitudinal relations between these variables. RESULTS: The analyses indicated longitudinal stability of all constructs, as well as concurrent relations between them. Longitudinal relations supported child-to-parent, rather than parent-to-child, effects: child difficult temperament predicted decreases in perceived maternal parenting competences, but maternal variables did not predict change in infant temperament. In addition, we observed weak mutual relations between maternal depression levels and parenting competences, such that maternal depression diminished perceived parenting competences that in turn contributed to higher levels of depression. CONCLUSION: Mothers' confidence in their ability to parent is influenced by their experience with a difficult infant and by their depressive symptoms during the child's first year of life. Depressive symptoms are, in turn, aggravated by mothers' low perceived competences in the parenting role.

• MeSH
• deprese * psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poporodní deprese * psychologie   MeSH
• rodičovství * MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• temperament * MeSH
• vztahy mezi matkou a dítětem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

AIM: To compare molecular profiles of proximal colon, distal colon and rectum in large adenomas, early and late carcinomas. To assess feasibility of testing directed at molecular markers from this study in routine clinical practice. METHODS: A prospective 3-year study has resulted in the acquisition of samples from 159 large adenomas and 138 carcinomas along with associated clinical parameters including localization, grade and histological type for adenomas and localization and stage for carcinomas. A complex molecular phenotyping has been performed using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique for the evaluation of CpG-island methylator phenotype (CIMP), PCR fragment analysis for detection of microsatellite instability and denaturing capillary electrophoresis for sensitive detection of somatic mutations in KRAS, BRAF, TP53 and APC genes. RESULTS: Molecular types according to previously introduced Jass classification have been evaluated for large adenomas and early and late carcinomas. An increase in CIMP+ type, eventually accompanied with KRAS mutations, was notable between large adenomas and early carcinomas. As expected, the longitudinal observations revealed a correlation of the CIMP+/BRAF+ type with proximal location. CONCLUSION: Prospective molecular classification of tissue specimens is feasible in routine endoscopy practice. Increased frequency of some molecular types corresponds to the developmental stages of colorectal tumors. As expected, a clear distinction is notable for tumors located in proximal colon supposedly arising from the serrated (methylation) pathway.

• Klíčová slova
• BRAF, Colorectal cancer, CpG-island methylator phenotype, DNA, Microsatellite instability,
• MeSH
• adenom genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• CpG ostrůvky MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• karcinom genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• kolonoskopie * MeSH
• kolorektální nádory genetika   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metylace DNA MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita MeSH
• multiplexová polymerázová řetězová reakce * MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery genetika   MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protein familiární adenomatózní polypózy genetika   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-Raf genetika   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) genetika   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• APC protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• BRAF protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• KRAS protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 MeSH
• protein familiární adenomatózní polypózy MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny B-Raf MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) MeSH
• TP53 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVE: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous disease with a complex etiology that lacks biomarkers predicting disease progression. The objective of this study was to use longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples to identify biomarkers that distinguish fast progression (FP) from slow progression (SP) and assess their temporal response. METHODS: We utilized mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to identify candidate biomarkers using longitudinal CSF from a discovery cohort of SP and FP ALS patients. Immunoassays were used to quantify and validate levels of the top biomarkers. A state-transition mathematical model was created using the longitudinal MS data that also predicted FP versus SP. RESULTS: We identified a total of 1148 proteins in the CSF of all ALS patients. Pathway analysis determined enrichment of pathways related to complement and coagulation cascades in FPs and synaptogenesis and glucose metabolism in SPs. Longitudinal analysis revealed a panel of 59 candidate markers that could segregate FP and SP ALS. Based on multivariate analysis, we identified three biomarkers (F12, RBP4, and SERPINA4) as top candidates that segregate ALS based on rate of disease progression. These proteins were validated in the discovery and a separate validation cohort. Our state-transition model determined that the overall variance of the proteome over time was predictive of the disease progression rate. INTERPRETATION: We identified pathways and protein biomarkers that distinguish rate of ALS disease progression. A mathematical model of the CSF proteome determined that the change in entropy of the proteome over time was predictive of FP versus SP.

• MeSH
• amyotrofická laterální skleróza * MeSH
• biologické markery mozkomíšní mok   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plazmatické proteiny vázající retinol MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• proteom metabolismus   MeSH
• proteomika metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• plazmatické proteiny vázající retinol MeSH
• proteom MeSH
• RBP4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

CONTEXT: Methanol poisoning induces acute optic neuropathy with possible long-term visual damage. OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamics and key determinants of visual pathway functional changes during 4 years after acute methanol poisoning. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with confirmed methanol poisoning (mean age 45.7 ± 4.4 years) were examined 4.9 ± 0.6, 25.0 ± 0.6, and 49.9 ± 0.5 months after discharge. The following tests were performed: visual evoked potential (VEP), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurement, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), complete ocular examination, biochemical tests, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotyping. RESULTS: Abnormal VEP P1 latency was registered in 18/42 right eyes (OD) and 21/42 left eyes (OS), abnormal N1P1 amplitude in 10/42 OD and OS. Mean P1 latency shortening during the follow-up was 15.0 ± 2.0 ms for 36/42 (86%) OD and 14.9 ± 2.4 ms for 35/42 (83%) OS, with maximum shortening up to 35.0 ms. No significant change of mean N1P1 amplitude was registered during follow-up. A further decrease in N1P1 amplitude ≥1.0 mcV in at least one eye was observed in 17 of 36 patients (47%) with measurable amplitude (mean decrease -1.11 ± 0.83 (OD)/-2.37 ± 0.66 (OS) mcV versus -0.06 ± 0.56 (OD)/-0.83 ± 0.64 (OS) mcV in the study population; both p < .001). ApoE4 allele carriers had lower global and temporal RNFL thickness and longer initial P1 latency compared to the non-carriers (all p < .05). The odds ratio for abnormal visual function was 8.92 (3.00-36.50; 95%CI) for ApoE4 allele carriers (p < .001). The presence of ApoE4 allele was further associated with brain necrotic lesions (r = 0.384; p = .013) and brain hemorrhages (r = 0.395; p = .011). CONCLUSIONS: Improvement of optic nerve conductivity occurred in more than 80% of patients, but evoked potential amplitude tended to decrease during the 4 years of observation. ApoE4 allele carriers demonstrated lower RNFL thickness, longer P1 latency, and more frequent methanol-induced brain damage compared to non-carriers.

• Klíčová slova
• Toxic optic neuropathy, apolipoprotein E, chronic axonal neurodegeneration, long-term visual sequelae, methanol poisoning, remyelination, visual evoked potential,
• MeSH
• apolipoprotein E4 genetika   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• methanol otrava   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoci zrakového nervu chemicky indukované   diagnóza   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• nervus opticus účinky léků   patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy zraku chemicky indukované   diagnóza   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zrak účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• zrakové evokované potenciály MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• apolipoprotein E4 MeSH
• methanol MeSH

Plant roots navigate in the soil environment following the gravity vector. Cell divisions in the meristem and rapid cell growth in the elongation zone propel the root tips through the soil. Actively elongating cells acidify their apoplast to enable cell wall extension by the activity of plasma membrane AHA H+-ATPases. The phytohormone auxin, central regulator of gravitropic response and root development, inhibits root cell growth, likely by rising the pH of the apoplast. However, the role of auxin in the regulation of the apoplastic pH gradient along the root tip is unclear. Here, we show, by using an improved method for visualization and quantification of root surface pH, that the Arabidopsis thaliana root surface pH shows distinct acidic and alkaline zones, which are not primarily determined by the activity of AHA H+-ATPases. Instead, the distinct domain of alkaline pH in the root transition zone is controlled by a rapid auxin response module, consisting of the AUX1 auxin influx carrier, the AFB1 auxin co-receptor, and the CNCG14 calcium channel. We demonstrate that the rapid auxin response pathway is required for an efficient navigation of the root tip.

• Klíčová slova
• A. thaliana, auxin, pH, plant biology, root,
• MeSH
• adenosintrifosfatasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Arabidopsis * metabolismus   MeSH
• kationtové kanály řízené cyklickými nukleotidy metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku * metabolismus   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adenosintrifosfatasy MeSH
• AUX1 protein, Arabidopsis MeSH Prohlížeč
• CNGC14 protein, Arabidopsis MeSH Prohlížeč
• kationtové kanály řízené cyklickými nukleotidy MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
• proteiny huseníčku * MeSH
• půda MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adverse neurological events during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are common and may be associated with devastating consequences. Close monitoring, early identification and prompt intervention can mitigate early and late neurological morbidity. Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive/neurodevelopmental follow-up are critically important to optimize outcomes in both adults and children. OBJECTIVE: To assess current practice of neuromonitoring during ECMO and neurocognitive/neurodevelopmental follow-up after ECMO across Europe and to inform the development of neuromonitoring and follow-up guidelines. METHODS: The EuroELSO Neurological Monitoring and Outcome Working Group conducted an electronic, web-based, multi-institutional, multinational survey in Europe. RESULTS: Of the 211 European ECMO centres (including non-ELSO centres) identified and approached in 23 countries, 133 (63%) responded. Of these, 43% reported routine neuromonitoring during ECMO for all patients, 35% indicated selective use, and 22% practiced bedside clinical examination alone. The reported neuromonitoring modalities were NIRS (n = 88, 66.2%), electroencephalography (n = 52, 39.1%), transcranial Doppler (n = 38, 28.5%) and brain injury biomarkers (n = 33, 24.8%). Paediatric centres (67%) reported using cranial ultrasound, though the frequency of monitoring varied widely. Before hospital discharge following ECMO, 50 (37.6%) reported routine neurological assessment and 22 (16.5%) routinely performed neuroimaging with more paediatric centres offering neurological assessment (65%) as compared to adult centres (20%). Only 15 (11.2%) had a structured longitudinal follow-up pathway (defined followup at regular intervals), while 99 (74.4%) had no follow-up programme. The majority (n = 96, 72.2%) agreed that there should be a longitudinal structured follow-up for ECMO survivors. CONCLUSIONS: This survey demonstrated significant variability in the use of different neuromonitoring modalities during and after ECMO. The perceived importance of neuromonitoring and follow-up was noted to be very high with agreement for a longitudinal structured follow-up programme, particularly in paediatric patients. Scientific society endorsed guidelines and minimum standards should be developed to inform local protocols.

• Klíčová slova
• brain function, long-term follow-up, longitudinal pathway, mechanical circulatory support, neurocognitive, neurological outcomes, neuropsychological,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mimotělní membránová oxygenace * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• poranění mozku * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

AIMS: We aimed to evaluate long-term utilization and results of paediatric radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in a population-based study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from all three centres performing paediatric RFCA for the whole population of the Czech Republic between 1993 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 708 ablation procedures in 633 consecutive patients <18 years for 716 different substrates were tracked, with accessory pathways = 439 (61.3%) and atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) = 205 (28.6%) being most frequent. Incidence of RFCA reached 0.049 per 1000 children <18 years of age in the recent era (2006-10). Indications included patient preference (68.0%), drug refractoriness (15.5%), asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White pre-excitation (8.4%), and malignant arrhythmia (6.1%). Median follow-up was 13.7 (interquartile range 5.7-21.5) months. Overall acute/long-term success of the primary procedure was 89.1/77.2% (accessory pathways 87.2/77.7%, AVNRT 98.5/84.4%). Re-ablation was performed in 73 of 163 substrates after a primary unsuccessful ablation resulting in a long-term cumulative efficacy of 96.3%. Between 1993-2005 and 2006-10, procedure/fluoroscopy time decreased from median 154/24 to 105/14 min. (P < 0.001 for both). Serious complications occurred in nine patients (1.4%). CONCLUSION: This population-based study could replicate data from previous single- or multi-centre reports confirming RFCA as a safe method of arrhythmia treatment in children with long-term cumulative efficacy exceeding 90% and significant decrease in the procedure and fluoroscopy time during the study period. The need for RFCA can be estimated at ∼0.05/1000 children <18 years using current indication criteria.

• Klíčová slova
• Children, Congenital heart disease, Paediatric, Radiofrequency ablation, Tachycardia,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• katetrizační ablace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• přídatný svazek epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• srdeční arytmie epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• vrozené srdeční vady epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH