BACKGROUND: The Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network (GIHSN) aims to determine the burden of severe influenza disease and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (IVE). This is a prospective, active surveillance and hospital-based epidemiological study to collect epidemiological data in the GIHSN. In the 2016-2017 influenza season, 15 sites in 14 countries participated in the GIHSN, although the analyses could not be performed in 2 sites. A common core protocol was used in order to make results comparable. Here we present the results of the GIHSN 2016-2017 influenza season. METHODS: A RT-PCR test was performed to all patients that accomplished the requirements detailed on a common core protocol. Patients admitted were included in the study after signing the informed consent, if they were residents, not institutionalised, not discharged in the previous 30 days from other hospitalisation with symptoms onset within the 7 days prior to admission. Patients 5 years old or more must also complied the Influenza-Like Illness definition. A test negative-design was implemented to perform IVE analysis. IVE was estimated using a logistic regression model, with the formula IVE = (1-aOR) × 100, where aOR is the adjusted Odds Ratio comparing cases and controls. RESULTS: Among 21,967 screened patients, 10,140 (46.16%) were included, as they accomplished the inclusion criteria, and tested, and therefore 11,827 (53.84%) patients were excluded. Around 60% of all patients included with laboratory results were recruited at 3 sites. The predominant strain was A(H3N2), detected in 63.6% of the cases (1840 patients), followed by B/Victoria, in 21.3% of the cases (618 patients). There were 2895 influenza positive patients (28.6% of the included patients). A(H1N1)pdm09 strain was mainly found in Mexico. IVE could only be performed in 6 sites separately. Overall IVE was 27.24 (95% CI 15.62-37.27. Vaccination seemed to confer better protection against influenza B and in people 2-4 years, or 85 years old or older. The aOR for hospitalized and testing positive for influenza was 3.02 (95% CI 1.59-5.76) comparing pregnant with non-pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination prevented around 1 in 4 hospitalisations with influenza. Sparse numbers didn't allow estimating IVE in all sites separately. Pregnancy was found a risk factor for influenza, having 3 times more risk of being admitted with influenza for pregnant women.

Canadian Center for Vaccinology IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority Halifax Canada

Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring Almaty Kazakhstan

College of Medicine and Medical Sciences Manama Bahrain

Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine Sher i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura India

Department of Science and Technology National Research Foundation Vaccine Preventable Diseases University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Fudan University Shanghai China

Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana 21 Cataluña Av 46020 Valencia Spain

Ivanovsky Institute of Virology FSBI N F Gamaleya FRCEM Ministry of Health Moscow Russian Federation

Medical Research Council Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

National Institute of Infectious Diseases Prof Dr Matei Bals Bucharest București Romania

National Institute of Public Health Prague Czech Republic

Pasteur Institute of Tunis Tunis Tunisia

Research Institute of Influenza WHO National Influenza Centre of Russia St Petersburg Russian Federation

Turkish Society of Internal Medicine Ankara Turkey

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