Though widespread, RNA editing is rare, except in endosymbiotic organelles. A combination of higher mutation rates, relaxation of energetic constraints, and high genetic drift is found within plastids and mitochondria and is conducive for evolution and expansion of editing processes, possibly starting as repair mechanisms. To illustrate this, we present an exhaustive phylogenetic overview of editing types.

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Medical Biochemistry University of Amsterdam AMC Amsterdam The Netherlands

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