Non-immune cells, like innate immune cells, can develop a memory-like phenotype in response to priming with microbial compounds or certain metabolites, which enables an enhanced response to a secondary unspecific stimulus. This paper describes a step-by-step protocol for the induction and analysis of trained immunity in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We then describe steps for cell culture with cryopreserved vascular cells, subcultivation, and induction of trained immunity. We then provide detailed procedures for downstream analysis using ELISA and qPCR. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sohrabi et al. (2020)1 and Shcnack et al.2.
- MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- endoteliální buňky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myocyty hladké svaloviny MeSH
- trénovaná imunita * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recent studies emphasize the importance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in altering the hematopoietic cell compartment of bone marrow and of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in inhibiting metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation. The data suggest that these lipoproteins may exert their inflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles by modulating innate immune memory. Targeting specific LDL-C and HDL-C subfractions could therefore potentially reduce the residual risk in hepatic and cardiometabolic disease.
- MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol * MeSH
- imunologická paměť * MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- přirozená imunita * MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tissue damage caused by an infection oran autoimmune disease triggers degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which further enhances inflammation. Therefore, improving ECM in aninflamed tissue can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target. A recentstudy emphasised an innovative approach against COVID-19 using polymerised type I collagen (PTIC) that improves disease severity through a hitherto unknownmechanism. In this paper, we provide an overview of potential mechanism thatmay explain the anti-inflammatory effect of collagen peptides. In addition,the paper includes a brief summary of possible side effect of collagendeposition in inflammatory diseases. Altogether, current knowledge suggeststhat collagen may potentially reduce the residual risk in inflammatorydiseases; however, the detailed mechanism remains elusive.
Unhealthy lifestyles and dietary habits often lead to diet-associated inflammatory diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have provided novel insight into the role of RIPK1 in inflammation and metabolism. RIPK1 silencing can reduce diet-induced obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation, lipid synthesis, and inflammasome activation. Targeting RIPK1 may therefore attenuate chronic metabolic disease and would likely be therapeutic.
Age is a key risk factor associated with the severity of symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2, and there is an urgent need to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals. We discuss evidence suggesting that trained immunity elicited by BCG vaccination may improve immune responses and can serve as a strategy to combat COVID-19 in this population.
Recent data have revealed that fructose-rich diet triggers inflammation and lipid synthesis. Furthermore, lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis and sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) activation correlates with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine storm. High fructose consumption result in SREBPs activation, altered cholesterol and lipid synthesis and may establish an innate immune memory in the cells, leading to severe COVID-19 in patients with obesity.
COVID-19 is a severe health problem in many countries and has altered day-to-day life in the whole world. This infection is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and depending on age, sex and health status of the patient, it can present with variety of clinical symptoms such as mild infection, a very severe form or even asymptomatic course of the disease. Similarly to other viruses, innate immune response plays a vital role in protection against COVID-19. However, dysregulation of innate immunity could have a significant influence on the severity of the disease. Despite various efforts, there is no effective vaccine against the disease so far. Recent data have demonstrated that the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine could reduce disease severity and the burden of several infectious diseases in addition to targeting its primary focus tuberculosis. There is growing evidence for the concept of beneficial non-specific boosting of immune responses by BCG or other microbial compounds termed trained immunity, which may protect against COVID-19. In this manuscript, we review data on how the development of innate immune memory due to microbial compounds specifically BCG can result in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss possible mechanisms, challenges and perspectives of using innate immunity as an approach to reduce COVID-19 severity.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
