BACKGROUND: Activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ syndrome (APDS) is a recently described combined immunodeficiency resulting from gain-of-function mutations in PIK3CD, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ). OBJECTIVE: We sought to review the clinical, immunologic, histopathologic, and radiologic features of APDS in a large genetically defined international cohort. METHODS: We applied a clinical questionnaire and performed review of medical notes, radiology, histopathology, and laboratory investigations of 53 patients with APDS. RESULTS: Recurrent sinopulmonary infections (98%) and nonneoplastic lymphoproliferation (75%) were common, often from childhood. Other significant complications included herpesvirus infections (49%), autoinflammatory disease (34%), and lymphoma (13%). Unexpectedly, neurodevelopmental delay occurred in 19% of the cohort, suggesting a role for PI3Kδ in the central nervous system; consistent with this, PI3Kδ is broadly expressed in the developing murine central nervous system. Thoracic imaging revealed high rates of mosaic attenuation (90%) and bronchiectasis (60%). Increased IgM levels (78%), IgG deficiency (43%), and CD4 lymphopenia (84%) were significant immunologic features. No immunologic marker reliably predicted clinical severity, which ranged from asymptomatic to death in early childhood. The majority of patients received immunoglobulin replacement and antibiotic prophylaxis, and 5 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Five patients died from complications of APDS. CONCLUSION: APDS is a combined immunodeficiency with multiple clinical manifestations, many with incomplete penetrance and others with variable expressivity. The severity of complications in some patients supports consideration of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe childhood disease. Clinical trials of selective PI3Kδ inhibitors offer new prospects for APDS treatment.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• antibiotická profylaxe MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fosfatidylinositol-3-kinasy třídy I antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   MeSH
• herpetické infekce genetika   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• infekce dýchací soustavy genetika   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfoproliferativní nemoci genetika   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti genetika   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH