Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer. In this paper, the isolation and properties of exosomes as potential novel liquid biopsy markers for early PCa liquid biopsy diagnosis are investigated using two prostate human cell lines, i.e., benign (control) cell line RWPE1 and carcinoma cell line 22Rv1. Exosomes produced by both cell lines are characterised by various methods including nanoparticle-tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is used to study three different receptors on the exosomal surface (CD63, CD81 and prostate-specific membrane antigen-PMSA), implementing monoclonal antibodies and identifying the type of glycans present on the surface of exosomes using lectins (glycan-recognising proteins). Electrochemical analysis is used to understand the interfacial properties of exosomes. The results indicate that cancerous exosomes are smaller, are produced at higher concentrations, and exhibit more nega tive zeta potential than the control exosomes. The SPR experiments confirm that negatively charged α-2,3- and α-2,6-sialic acid-containing glycans are found in greater abundance on carcinoma exosomes, whereas bisecting and branched glycans are more abundant in the control exosomes. The SPR results also show that a sandwich antibody/exosomes/lectins configuration could be constructed for effective glycoprofiling of exosomes as a novel liquid biopsy marker.
- MeSH
- exozómy * chemie MeSH
- karcinom * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lektiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polysacharidy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- tekutá biopsie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Research on the subject of smart biomaterials has become a cornerstone of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Herein, the authors report on developing magnetic hydrogels that combine high biocompatibility and remarkable activity in magnetic fields. We fabricated magnetic hydrogels based on poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POx) via living ring-opening cationic polymerization with in-situ embedding of the carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Investigation was made as to the effect exerted by the concentration of CI on magnetic, viscoelastic/magnetorheological properties, the degree of equilibrium swelling, and cytotoxicity. The hydrogels exhibited an open pore structure, as evidenced by computed tomography (CT) imaging. Susceptibility measurements revealed the concentration-dependent field-induced particle restructuration indicating elongation/contraction of the material, thereby determining the potential for magneto-mechanical stimulation of the cells. The POx-based magnetic hydrogels were amphiphilic in character, showing decrease in their capability to hold liquid alongside increase in CI concentration. Viscoelastic measurements suggested that interaction occurred between the particles and matrix based on inconsistency between the experimental storage modulus and the Krieger-Dougherty model. The synthesized materials exhibited excellent biocompatibility toward the 3T3 fibroblast cell line in tests of extract toxicity and direct contact cytotoxicity (ISO standards). The unique combination of properties exhibited by the material - magneto-mechanical activity and biocompatibility - could prove favorable in fields such as biomedicine and biomechanics.
- MeSH
- buňky 3T3 MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků MeSH
- hydrogely chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- magnetické pole MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oxazoly chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Three biodegradable plastics materials, namely pure poly(l-lactide) (PLA), PLA with plasticizer triacetine (TAC) and the mixture PLA/polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and TAC were investigated concerning changes of physical properties due to biodegradation in compost at 58°C up to 16days. With rising time of degradation in compost, both number and weight molecular masses were decreasing progressively, but only marginal change of the polydispersity index was observed which indicates that biodegradation is not random process. FTIR spectroscopy revealed that in spite of the extensive decrease of molecular weight, no substantial change in chemical composition was found. The most significant modification of the spectra consisted in an appearing of the broad band in region 3100-3300cm-1, which was assigned to a formation of biofilm on the sample surfaces. This effect appeared for all three materials, however, it was much more pronounced for samples containing also triacetine. Measurement of changes in crystalline portion confirmed that amorphous phase degrades substantially faster compared to crystalline part. The plasticizer triacetine is disappearing also rather fast from the sample resulting besides other effect also in a temporary increase of Tg, which at the beginning grows almost to the value typical for PLA without plasticizer but later the Tg is decreasing due to substantial changes in molecular weight. Generally during composting, the samples keep shape for up to 8days, after that time the material disintegrates to rough powder.
The aim of this study was to develop the potential tissue engineering applications of d-glucosamine (GlcN) immobilized onto the surface of a biodegradable matrix in order to induce a desired biological effect at biointerfaces. Thus, for sample preparation we used a novel multistep physicochemical approach. In the first step the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films were exposed to a low pressure plasma in air atmosphere, followed by radical graft copolymerization with acrylic acid to yield a carboxyl-functionalized spacer layer on the PLA surface. The carboxyl groups were then coupled to GlcN molecules via the carbodiimide chemistry. The developed surfaces were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Contact angle measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). A preliminary study on the proliferation of fibroblasts on the developed surfaces was performed using the NIH/3T3 cell line.
- MeSH
- biokompatibilní materiály chemie MeSH
- fotoelektronová spektroskopie MeSH
- glukosamin chemie MeSH
- mikroskopie atomárních sil MeSH
- polyestery chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- regenerace * MeSH
- smáčivost MeSH
- tkáňové inženýrství * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
