The study focuses on evaluating the economic efficiency of professional football clubs. It builds on the Haas Study, which examines the effectiveness of individual clubs through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA analyses different types of inputs and outputs for homogeneous production units (in this case football clubs). The thesis proposes the modification of this model. The author considers the initial “hometown population” contribution of Haas as particularly outdated with regard to the increasing commercialisation of professional football and globalisation of the market, where the size of demand is primarily determined by the global popularity measured in terms of interest of the fans, sponsors, and television broadcasting companies. The global popularity of the club can easily be estimated at present using the number of fans in social networks. The clubs reflect this target on the side of the outputs – “increase of the number of fans in the social network”. Facebook was chosen as the representative of the social networks. The proposed model is used in the paper for calculation of the economic efficiency of the participants in the English Premier League in the 2016–2017 season.
The study aims to put the social network TikTok into the context of the marketing attractiveness and potential of soccer players in terms of communication range through social networks. Soccer clubs can assess the expenses of gaining additional followers through a purchased player by an evaluation of the market efficiency of individual soccer players' followers. The study also documents positive effects ensuing from the acquisition of further followers thanks to the purchase of such a player including image, connection with fans, global reach, additional external funds through sponsorship and the sale of television rights, loyal fans and other so-called “extra-football qualities”. The study thus brings new perspectives on TikTok, as a network which has so far not been thoroughly researched, in the field of the most popular sport in the world, soccer.
The content of Al, As, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms Calocybe gambosa, Entoloma clypeatum, Entoloma saepium, Xerocomellus chrysenteron, and Amanita rubescens growing in an orchard planted with fruit trees and situated close to a high-grown forest was studied during years 2016-2018. A. rubescens showed the highest potential of the element accumulation with bioconcentration factors of 48.5, 16.2, 7.80, 6.53, 1.75, and 1.68 obtained for Rb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Mg, respectively. Both Entoloma species accumulated the elements similarly with bioconcentration factors >1.0 obtained for Rb, Cu, Cd, and Mg. Bioconcentration factors <0.05 were obtained for Al, Cr, Fe, and Pb in all studied species. The contents of beryllium (<0.1 mg/kg dry matter) were always the lowest among the studied elements. The contents of some elements of studied mushroom species significantly fluctuated over the years. Despite the fact that some studied elements (As, Be, Cd, Pb, Ni) are considerably toxic for humans, the pronounced effect on health is not expected if the studied mushroom species are consumed occasionally and do not represent the main component of the diet.
- MeSH
- Agaricales chemie MeSH
- Basidiomycota chemie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- kovy analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study is focused on the issue of sport service validation in the fitness domain; it aims to propose a systematic procedure for evaluating the quality of services in the Czech fitness industry. Cross-cultural transfer and validation of the SERVQUAL method (Parasuraman, Zeithaml, Berry, 1988), which was originally validated for American customers, is discussed practically. The modified Czech version of the SERVQUAL questionnaire was the main tool of data collection in the market research of six fitness centers chosen randomly with a sum of 697 participants. Upon completion of data collection, the reliability of the model was repeatedly evaluated by means of SEM – Structural Equation Modelling. Based on the SEM results a hierarchical structured model was designed with a general factor and four factors corresponding to questionnaire subscales.
- Klíčová slova
- kvalita služeb, SERVQUAL, Fit Index,
- MeSH
- analýza latentních tříd * MeSH
- fitness centrum * organizace a řízení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Risk and essential elements were determined in fruiting bodies of wild growing edible mushrooms Chlorophyllum rhacodes, Suillus grevillei, Imleria badia, and Xerocomellus chrysenteron collected in an unpolluted site in South Bohemia, the Czech Republic. The elements were also determined in underlying soils and the bioconcentration factors were calculated. The analyses revealed that C. rhacodes accumulated Ag, Cu, Rb, Se, Zn, As, Cd, and Tl. On the other hand, S. grevillei accumulated Cd, Rb, Ag, Se, and Cs. I. badia and X. chrysenteron strongly accumulated Rb, Cs, and Ag; these species showed the ability to accumulate Cu and Zn as well. Contents of detrimental CrVI were in all cases below the quantification limit (0.003 mg kg-1 dry matter). Studied mushroom species (mainly C. rhacodes) accumulated some toxic elements. However, no considerable effect on human health is expected since they are usually consumed as a delicacy and do not represent a major component of diet.
- MeSH
- Agaricales chemie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- jedlé rostliny chemie MeSH
- plodnice hub chemie MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The fate of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and As in a horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetland was studied. The concentrations of the risk elements in treated municipal wastewater, wetland sediments, and Phragmites australis biomass were determined. Most of the studied elements were removed from the wastewater with fair efficiencies. On the other hand, As was released to treated water in the wetland bed. The removal efficiencies obtained for the individual elements were as follows: 64.2, 48.7, 70.0, 93.9, 63.6, 63.8, and -236.2%, respectively. The concentrations measured in sediments were the highest for samples taken 1 m from the inflow zone. They were 4.11, 2.01, 6.01, 4.85, 3.39, 9.30, and 3.17 times higher as compared to the samples taken in the distance of 10 m. The pollutants were preferentially deposited at the front part of the wetland bed where anaerobic conditions predominated and sulfate reduction took place. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of the studied elements in the aboveground biomass (Phragmites australis) samples taken in the distances of 1, 5, and 10 m from the inflow zone. However, the concentrations measured in the belowground biomass samples were significantly higher for samples taken at the front part of the wetland bed. The individual element concentration ratios between the below- and aboveground biomass measured for samples taken 1 m from the inflow zone were 4.97, 5.97, 2.21, 1.58, 2.26, 5.70, and 2.66 for Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and As, respectively.
- MeSH
- arsen * analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipnicovité fyziologie MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- vytvořené prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
White rot fungi (WRF) are applicable to biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants. However, excessive biomass growth typical for WRF cultivation can hinder their large scale applications. Therefore, immobilization of Irpex lacteus to liquid-core alginate beads restricting excessive mycelium growth and simultaneously keeping high degradation rate of pollutants was tested. Effective diffusivities of dyes to the beads varied from (2.98 ± 0.69) × 10(-10) to (10.27 ± 2.60) × 10(-10) m(2)/s. Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR), Reactive Orange 16 (RO16), and Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) were used as model dyes. The immobilized fungus decolorized model dyes when applied both in microwell plates and in fluidized bed reactors. Using the microwell plates, the apparent reaction rate constants ranged from (2.06 ± 0.11) × 10(-2) to (11.06 ± 0.27) × 10(-2) 1/h, depending on the dye used and its initial concentration. High initial concentrations negatively affected the dye decolorization rate. No fungal growth outside the beads was observed in fluidized bed reactors and thus no operational problems linked to an excessive biomass growth occurred. When RBBR was decolorized in subsequent batches in the fluidized bed reactor, the apparent reaction rate constant increased from (11.63 ± 0.35) × 10(-2) to (29.26 ± 7.19) × 10(-2) 1/h.
- MeSH
- algináty chemie MeSH
- barvicí látky metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus MeSH
- imobilizované buňky chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina glukuronová chemie MeSH
- kyseliny hexuronové chemie MeSH
- mycelium chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Polyporales chemie růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
x
x
- MeSH
- davové chování MeSH
- fotbal * dějiny zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- hromadné neštěstí dějiny mortalita prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy sociálního chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Removal of selected metals from municipal wastewater using a constructed wetland with a horizontal subsurface flow was studied. The objective of the work was to determine the efficiency of Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Sr, Li, and Rb removal, and to describe the main removal mechanisms. The highest removal efficiencies were attained for zinc and copper (89.8 and 81.5%, respectively). It is apparently due to the precipitation of insoluble sulfides (ZnS, CuS) in the vegetation bed where the sulfate reduction takes place. Significantly lower removal efficiencies (43.9, 27.7, and 21.5%) were observed for Li, Sr, and Rb, respectively. Rather, low removal efficiencies were also attained for Ni and Co (39.8 and 20.9%). However, the concentrations of these metals in treated water were significantly lower compared to Cu and Zn (e.g., 2.8 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.3 μg/l for Ni at the inflow and outflow from the wetland compared to 27.6 ± 12.0 and 5.1 ± 4.7 μg/l obtained for Cu, respectively). The main perspective of the constructed wetland is the removal of toxic heavy metals forming insoluble compounds depositing in the wetland bed. Metal uptake occurs preferentially in wetland sediments and is closely associated with the chemism of sulfur and iron.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kobalt chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lithium chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- měď chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- nikl chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- rubidium chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- stroncium chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zinek chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The content of the article specifies the dependence of football representations' market value participating in FIFA WORLD CUP 2014 on their results achieved at the Championship. A size of the team market value is fixed by the total sum of all players' market value without reference to their participation in the match. It is in view of their final result at the Championship, which is stated by the total sum of points obtained. From the results of regression and correlation analysis we can see a medium influence of team market value on the final result at the Championship 2014.The value of the correlation coefficient is 0.53. The nearest to the prediction of the obtained points is Uruguayan representation, with the value of y = 6.15, which is nearly similar to factual 6 won points. The farthest from the regression line is the successful representation of the Netherlands and, on the contrary, the unsuccessful representation of Spain. The partial goal was to state effectiveness of the national football teams at the Championship 2014 as a ratio between the quality of the representation (stated by the total team market value) and the sum of the points won at the Championship. From this point of view the Costa Rican team was the most successful. One Costa Rican point is represented by the sum of 2.96 million EUR, which is the least from the all national teams. The worst result was achieved by England, which won only one point. Its total market value of 334 million EUR represents the coefficient of its effectiveness as
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- efektivita organizační ekonomika MeSH
- fotbal * ekonomika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- sportovní výkon ekonomika trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
