Inerciálne senzory prešli v poslednom období rýchlym vývojom umožňujúcim ich bezproblémové využitie v klinickej praxi. Vďaka svojej prenositeľnosti a malým rozmerom je možné s nimi pracovať nie len v kontrolovaných laboratórnych podmienkach, ale i v domácom prostredí. Cieľom tohto textu bolo preto zhrnúť aktuálne dostupné možnosti týkajúce sa využitia inerciálnych senzorov v klinickej praxi, a to nie len z pohľadu pohybových činností, ktoré je možné skúmať, ale i z pohľadu najčastejšie využívaných metodologických prístupov. Podrobne sme sa venovali hodnoteniu posturálnej stability, inštrumentálnej verzii chodeckých klinických testov, Timed Up and Go a Sit-to-Stand testu, ale taktiež hodnoteniu pohybovej aktivity.

Inertial sensors with their rapid development in the recent years have become useful tools in clinical practice. They can be used in a controlled laboratory environment as well as home environment because of their portability and small size. The aim of this manuscript was to summarise topical possibilities for the use of inertial sensors in clinical practice, including information about suitable activities that can be studied and methodological approaches for their quantification. The assessment of postural stability, instrumented versions of clinical walking tests, Timed Up and Go or Sit-to-Stand tests as well as physical activity monitoring are discussed in detail.

• Klíčová slova
• Timed Up and Go, Sit-to-Stand, inerciální senzory,
• MeSH
• akcelerometrie metody   MeSH
• analýza chůze MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokomoce fyziologie   MeSH
• nositelná elektronika * MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• svalová síla fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: It is well known that postural stability is influenced by visual stimuli. The influence of saccadic eye movement on postural control has been described, however, a specific response of different body segments has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of horizontal and vertical saccadic eye movements on postural stability with specific focus on upper trunk, lower trunk and lower limbs movement variability and complexity. METHODS: Eighteen elderly participants (age 70.3 ± 7.7 years) stood in bipedal stance in three visual conditions - horizontal saccades, vertical saccades and fixation. Accelerometers were attached to their lower back, sternum and shanks. Movement variability of each body segment was described by root-mean-square and sample entropy of acceleration. RESULTS: The results of the present study revealed significant influence of saccadic eye movements on anterior-posterior and vertical shanks, and vertical lower trunk movement variability described by root-mean-square. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations between results of the observed segments showed segment-specific variability patterns but generalised complexity pattern.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• entropie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské tělo * MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• pohyb MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• sakadické oční pohyby fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zrychlení MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare gait stability and variability between walking conditions and age groups. METHODS: Twenty-six healthy younger and older females participated. Trunk acceleration in the vertical (V), medial-lateral (ML) and anteriorposterior (AP) directions during 5 minutes walking overground and 3 minutes walking on the treadmill at self-selected speed were recorded. Root mean square and standard deviations of acceleration, stride time and its variability, Lyapunov exponents (LE), multiscale entropy (MSE) and harmonic ratios (HR) were computed. RESULTS: Both age groups showed significantly higher stride time variability and short-term LE in all directions during overground walking. For the older group, overground walking showed higher V and AP standard deviation. Significantly lower values for overground walking were observed for long-term LE (V and ML for the younger group, ML for the older group), HR (ML for the older group) and MSE (V for the older group). Significant age-related differences were found for V long-term LE for overground walking. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that both linear and advanced computational techniques for gait stability and variability assessment in older adults are sensitive to walking conditions.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• entropie * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nelineární dynamika * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• zátěžový test * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

Computing the local dynamic stability using accelerometer data from inertial sensors has recently been proposed as a gait measure which may be able to identify elderly people at fall risk. However, the assumptions supporting this potential were concluded as most studies implement a retrospective fall history observation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of local dynamic stability for fall risk prediction in a cohort of subjects over the age of 60 years using a prospective fall occurrence observation. A total of 131 elderly subjects voluntarily participated in this study. The baseline measurement included gait stability assessment using inertial sensors and clinical examination by Tinetti Balance Assessment Tool. After the baseline measurement, subjects were observed for a period of one year for fall occurrence. Our results demonstrated poor multiple falls predictive ability of trunk local dynamic stability (AUC = 0.673). The predictive ability improved when the local dynamic stability was combined with clinical measures, a combination of trunk medial-lateral local dynamic stability and Tinetti total score being the best predictor (AUC = 0.755). Together, the present findings suggest that the medial-lateral local dynamic stability during gait combined with a clinical score is a potential fall risk assessment measure in the elderly population.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• chůze (způsob) * MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úrazy pádem * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although entropy-based measurements of gait dynamics are becoming widely used tools for fall risk assessment, their relationship to fall occurrence is still unclear. The aim of this study was hence to compare fallers and non-fallers in terms of gait dynamics assessed by the multiscale and Shannon entropy. This study included 139 participants, aged 60-80 years, divided into two groups according to fall occurrence during a 6-month prospective observation (38 fallers, 101 non-fallers). The methodology involved the use of the Tinetti balance assessment tool (TBAT) and 5min of overground walking with 3D accelerometers located near the L5 vertebra and shanks. We analyzed 150 strides for gait complexity, an index of complexity (CI), computed from multiscale entropy (MSE) and Shannon entropy (ShE) derived from the recurrence quantification analysis. We found no significant differences between groups in MSE and CI. The TBAT total score was significantly higher in non-fallers (P=0.033), however, both groups showed low risk of falls. ShE in the anterior-posterior direction from trunk and in the medial-lateral direction from the shanks were both significantly higher in fallers (P=0.020; P=0.024). ShE was negatively correlated with CI, the shank ShE in the vertical direction was positively correlated with TBAT. Taken together, our findings suggest that MSE is not able to distinguish between highly functional groups, whereas Shannon entropy seems to be sufficient in fall risk prediction.

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• entropie * MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• úrazy pádem prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A wobble board (WB) is a balance rehabilitation tool that is used in physiotherapy to improve strength and stability. The WB tested in this study includes a sensory module for measuring patients' tilt and rotation during stance. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a balance measurement using a WB. Thirty healthy young adults participated in this study. The participants stood on the WB to simultaneously record the tilt of the WB and the center of pressure data using a force plate. The data were recorded during five measurement sessions on various days, with four trials each. Sways, velocities and indexes of complexity (CI) were computed. For reliability assessment, we used intra-class correlation coefficients within and between sessions; for validity, we computed Spearman correlation coefficients. The velocities and CI showed good intra-session reliability, and the sways showed mostly poor intra-session reliability. The results of inter-session reliability showed good to excellent reliability for CI, poor reliability for sways and poor to good reliability for velocities. The Spearman correlation coefficient showed excellent agreement between the mean velocities computed from the force plate and the WB. Our results confirm that the WB tested is suitable for stability assessment in young adults.

• MeSH
• entropie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• posturální rovnováha * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• silová polšina, tlaková polšina, spolehlivost měření, krokový cyklus,
• MeSH
• chůze MeSH
• diagnostické techniky a postupy MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) MeSH
• podiatrie * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• software MeSH
• zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The variability of the centre of pressure (COP) movement is a tool that is often used for stability assessments during standing; however, this variable can provide relevant findings during dynamic conditions, which are more related to fall risks. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in the variability of COP movement. Healthy young (younger group - 25 subjects, age 22.2 ± 1.8 years) and middle-aged (elder group - 25 subjects, age 56.6 ± 4.9 years) females participated in this study. The ground reaction forces and COP movement during walking at a self-selected speed were recorded using two force platforms. Each stance phase was divided into four subphases: loading response (LR), mid-stance (MSt), terminal stance (TSt) and preswing (PS). Standard deviations of the medial-lateral, anterior-posterior and total COP displacements were assessed. For statistical comparisons, one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test were used. These results showed significantly higher COP movement variability in selected variables in the PS, LR and MSt subphases in the elder group (p < 0.05) compared with the younger group; no differences were found in the TSt subphase. A comparison of the subphases within the groups revealed significant differences (p < 0.001 for all cases and both groups) between the parameters in the LR × MSt, LR × TSt, MSt × PS and TSt×PS subphases. The LR and PS subphases showed significantly higher values for the variability parameters.

• MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohyb fyziologie   MeSH
• posturální rovnováha fyziologie   MeSH
• tlak MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH