Cieľ: Pneumocystis jirovecii patril v minulosti do skupiny prvokov, ale v súčasnosti je taxonomicky zaradený do ríše húb. P. jirovecii je oportúnny patogén, zodpovedný za pneumocystovú pneumóniu s častými komplikáciami u imunokompromitovaných pacientov. Oneskorené začatie vhodnej liečby zvyšuje riziko úmrtia u pacientov s oslabenou imunitou. Cieľom práce bolo zistiť a zhodnotiť spoľahlivosť metód laboratórnej diagnostiky pneumocystózy používaných v rutinných laboratóriách ako aj výskyt tohto ochorenia u pacientov zo Slovenska za 19 rokov. Materiál a metódy: Diagnostika je založená na mikroskopickom dôkaze (farbenie podľa Giemsa a Gram-Weigerta) a detekcii DNA parazita klasickou alebo real-time PCR v bronchoalveolárnej laváži a spúte. Výsledky: Pneumocysty boli zistené u 190 osôb (5,7 %) z celého súboru pacientov. Onkologickí pacienti predstavovali najrizikovejšiu skupinu z hľadiska infekcie pneumocystami, čo sme potvrdili ich najvyšším podielom (57,9 %) z jedincov s pneumocystózou. Na základe binárneho klasifikačného testu sme vyhodnotili 33,7 % citlivosť a 100 % špecifickosť mikroskopického dôkazu v porovnaní s PCR. Molekulárne metódy sú v porovnaní s mikroskopickým dôkazom citlivejšie v detekcii P. jirovecii a v súčasnosti predstavujú spoľahlivý detekčný systém v diagnostike pneumocystózy. Záver: Vzhľadom na narastajúci počet imunokompromitovaných osôb je diagnostika P. jirovecii u pacientov s pľúcnymi komplikáciami nevyhnutná. To sa potvrdilo aj v našej štúdii, kde v priebehu rokov stúpal počet vyšetrení a záchytov tohto oportúnneho patogénu.
Aim: In the past, Pneumocystis jirovecii belonged to the Protozoa group, but is currently taxonomically included in the kingdom Fungi. P. jirovecii is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for pneumocystis pneumonia with frequent complications of immunocompromised patients. Delayed initiation of appropriate therapy increases the risk of death in immunocompromised patient. The aim of this work was to determine and evaluate the reliability of methods of laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystosis used in routine laboratories as well as the occurrence of this disease in patients from Slovakia during 19 years. Material and Methods: The diagnosis is based on microscopic examination (Giemsa- and Gram-Weigert-staining) and detection of parasite DNA by classical or real-time PCR in bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum. Results: Pneumocysts were detected in 190 persons (5.7%) from the whole group of patients. Cancer patients represented the riskiest group in terms of pneumocystosis, which was confirmed by the highest percentage (57.9%) of individuals infected with P. jirovecii. Compared with the PCR, 33.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity of microscopy was calculated by using a binary classification test. Molecular methods are more sensitive in the detection of P. jirovecii compared to microscopic evidence and currently represent a reliable detection system in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis. Conclusion: In view of the increasing number of immunocompromised persons, diagnostics of P. jirovecii in patients with pulmonary complications is essential. This was also confirmed in our study, where the number of examinations and detection of this opportunistic pathogen increased over the years.
- MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunokompromitovaný pacient MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Pneumocystis carinii * izolace a purifikace MeSH
- pneumocystová pneumonie diagnóza mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Human toxocarosis is one of the most widespread and prevalent helminthic zoonosis in many countries, including Slovakia. The aim was to evaluate the usefulness of IgA anti-Toxocara antibody detection in the serodiagnosis of toxocarosis. The levels of specific IgA antibodies were determined by excretory-secretory (ES)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IgA seropositivity in IgG anti-Toxocara seropositive patients (n = 52) was 32.7% and found to be highest in the oldest age groups (P = 0.026). The presence of IgA in suspected patients for toxocarosis were evaluated in respect to some characteristics of examined persons. Substantially higher IgA seropositivity was detected in patients with increased total IgE (44.8%) than in subjects with a normal level of IgE (17.4%; P = 0.036). No associations (P > 0.05) were found between IgA seropositivity and sex, level of specific IgG antibodies, avidity of IgG, eosinophilia, domicile, geophagia, traveling abroad, dog/cat ownership, or clinical symptoms. The IgA-ELISA showed sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 100%. Mild correlations (r = 0.302, r = 0.305, r = - 0.409) were observed between the levels of anti-Toxocara IgA antibodies and age, the amounts of eosinophils and IgA antibody levels, the amounts of eosinophils, and the values of IgG avidity, respectively. The presence of anti-Toxocara IgA may facilitate the diagnosis of toxocarosis and may well be useful for the determination of acute Toxocara infection. Moreover, this test should be accompanied by other immunological markers of examined patients (e.g., increased total IgE, eosinophilia, and low-avidity IgG antibodies).
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoglobulin E imunologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protilátky anti-idiotypické imunologie MeSH
- protilátky helmintové imunologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- test sérových baktericidních protilátek MeSH
- Toxocara imunologie MeSH
- toxokaróza diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Ultrastructural changes induced by Rickettsia slovaca standard type (ST) and wild type (WT) were examined during their life cycle in L929 and Vero cells. R. slovaca invaded the cytoplasm of the host cell by phagocytosis on the 1st d p.i. Rickettsiae adhering to the cytoplasmic membrane were engulfed by cellular extensions and occurred in phagocytic vacuoles. Binary fission of rickettsia was observed. The nuclear chromatin of eukaryotic cells was rearranged and condensed during 3rd and 6th d p.i. Finally, loss of the plasma membrane integrity, destruction of cytoplasm and nucleus resulted in cell lysis. Degeneration of the host cell caused by WT and ST was observed after 4 and 5 d p.i. in L929 cells and after 3 and 6 d p.i. in Vero cells, respectively. WT type was able to penetrate into the nucleus of the host cell and was responsible for dilatation of the perinuclear space and endoplasmic reticulum, causing more pronounced and different cytopathological changes than the ST.
- MeSH
- buněčná membrána mikrobiologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné jádro mikrobiologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Rickettsia růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- rickettsiové infekce mikrobiologie MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
