• MeSH
• Cerebrovascular Disorders * diagnostic imaging   classification   therapy   congenital   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nervous System Malformations diagnostic imaging   classification   pathology   therapy   MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Práce je zaměřena na využití neuroendoskopie v řešení vybraných vývojových vad CNS u dětí. Představuje neuroendoskopickou techniku, postupy a některé jednotky, vhodné k řešení neuroendoskopem v praxi dětského neurochirurga. Jedná se zejména o formy obstrukčního hydrocefalu, řešení hydrocefalu spojeného s vrozenými cévními malformacemi, řešení arachnoidálních cyst různé lokalizace. Zajímavostí je endoskopická resekce hypothalamického hamartomu, která je účinná v léčbě refrakterní epilepsie.

This paper focuses on the use of neuroendoscopy for treatment of selected central nervous system developmental defects in children. It introduces neuroendoscopic armamentarium, methods and some conditions suitable for a neuroendoscopic approach in pediatric neurosurgery.

• MeSH
• Vascular Malformations surgery   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nervous System Malformations * surgery   MeSH
• Neurosurgical Procedures MeSH
• Neuroendoscopy methods   MeSH
• Congenital Abnormalities surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• Keywords
• baclofenová pumpa,
• MeSH
• Baclofen * administration & dosage   pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Dystonia drug therapy   MeSH
• Infusion Pumps, Implantable MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cerebral Palsy * drug therapy   MeSH
• Muscle Spasticity drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Torcular dural sinus malformations (tDSMs) are rare vascular pathologies with various anatomoclinical pictures and prognosis. We analyzed our case series and corroborated the complexity of this rare unit by a review of literature. CASE SERIES: From 2003 to 2018, we treated four tDSMs patients. The evolution of three postnatally diagnosed cases of similar angioarchitecture contrasted with a fourth antenatally diagnosed case with significant torcular thrombosis. All patients were examined by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, CT angiography, and MRI angiography. Three patients underwent digital subtraction angiography with embolization of feeders. Unusual pathological images were depicted. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis along with embolization of feeders and lake could improve the outcome for tDSM patients with dural arteriovenous shunts. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation before endovascular treatment led to significant worsening of both clinical presentation and MRI picture. For patients who persist with hydrocephalus despite the endovascular approach, we suggest endoscopic third ventriculostomy as a first-line treatment option. Antenatally diagnosed patients with thrombosed lakes constitute a prognostically better group of patients. Spontaneous thrombosis and remodelation of the lake can, however, still leave neurological sequelae, as observed in our patient.

• MeSH
• Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations * diagnostic imaging   surgery   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Dura Mater MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Cerebral Angiography MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Cavernous Sinus * MeSH
• Cranial Sinuses * abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Embolization, Therapeutic * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Sagittal craniosynostosis associated with midline cephalhematoma is a rare finding. Despite the controversy regarding its etiopathogenesis, this condition represents a clear indication for surgery. CASE REPORT: We present a case of a 10-week-old boy with an ossified midline vertex cephalhematoma and sagittal craniosynostosis. The child underwent a cephalhematoma excision and minimally invasive non-endoscopic narrow vertex craniectomy, with calvarial vault remodeling followed by 2 weeks use of a cranial orthosis. On 5-month follow-up, mesocephaly was achieved. CONCLUSION: Our case is well documented with native CT, 3D CT, intraoperative pictures, and 3D head scan imaging. We described our minimally invasive non-endoscopic technique that led to a rapid cranial vault remodeling with reduction of cranial orthosis need. A review of literature focused on surgical techniques is included.

• MeSH
• Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial complications   pathology   surgery   MeSH
• Ossification, Heterotopic pathology   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Craniosynostoses complications   pathology   surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Birth Injuries pathology   surgery   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH
• Review MeSH

We present unique clinical images of jugular bulb dysmaturation (JBD) in an infant with torcular dural sinus malformation (tDSM). Lasjaunias et al hypothesized that the former possess a pivoting role for development of the latter. However, reports about tDSM are extremely rare and lack focus on JBD presence. In this paper we focused on JBD depiction. The combination of magnetic resonance imaging angiography, computed tomography angiography, and digital subtraction angiography imaging of JBD is unique. Moreover, we reviewed current tDSM literature and showed that the presence of JBD in tDSMs correlates significantly with a higher mortality.

• MeSH
• Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations diagnosis   MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Angiography MeSH
• Cranial Sinuses abnormalities   MeSH
• Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial diagnosis   MeSH
• Jugular Veins abnormalities   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Infant MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH
• Review MeSH

INTRODUCTION: We present an infant with an expansive posterior fossa arachnoid cyst and severe clinical deterioration due to decompensated obstructive hydrocephalus. Given the dilated Sylvius aqueduct, we favoured the endoscopic transfrontal transaqueductal route to approach the cyst. CASE REPORT: A 12-month-old boy was acutely admitted for severe symptoms of intracranial hypertension. Imaging revealed spacious cystic formation in the posterior fossa with expansive behaviour towards the brain stem, fourth ventricle and cerebellum associated with obstructive triventricular hydrocephalus. The patient underwent electromagnetically navigated transfrontal transaqueductal cyst fenestration with simultaneous ETV from two precoronal trajectories with a rigid endoscope. CONCLUSION: A transaqueductal approach with a rigid endoscope is rarely published, and we were amazed by the impact on the child's clinical improvement after this minimally invasive endoscopic procedure. The case is well documented with imaging and perioperative neuroendoscopic views.

• MeSH
• Arachnoid Cysts complications   surgery   MeSH
• Electromagnetic Phenomena MeSH
• Hydrocephalus etiology   surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neuroendoscopy methods   MeSH
• Neuronavigation methods   MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Third Ventricle surgery   MeSH
• Ventriculostomy methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Medulloblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumour in children. Radiation-induced cavernous haemangiomas (RICHs) are a known late complication of radiation exposure, especially in young children. CASE REPORT: We present a patient who underwent subtotal resection of posterior fossa medulloblastoma with subsequent chemotherapy and radiotherapy at the age of 10 years. A new lesion in the region of the left foramen of Monro appeared 16 years later. Based on the imaging results, metastasis or radiation-induced cavernoma was considered. The lesion had the same appearance on imaging as a rarely published intraventricular cavernoma of the foramen of Monro. Unlike the cavernoma of the foramen of Monro, this lesion was subependymal and intraforniceal. Using electromagnetic navigation and neuroendoscopy, the lesion was completely removed. Histopathological examination revealed a cavernous haemangioma. CONCLUSION: This is a unique case of intraforniceal paraforaminal cavernoma that was successfully removed endoscopically using electromagnetic neuronavigation and without neurological sequelae.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electromagnetic Phenomena MeSH
• Hemangioma, Cavernous etiology   surgery   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Medulloblastoma radiotherapy   MeSH
• Cerebellar Neoplasms radiotherapy   MeSH
• Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced surgery   MeSH
• Neuroendoscopy methods   MeSH
• Neuronavigation methods   MeSH
• Radiotherapy adverse effects   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Olfactory groove schwannomas (OGSs) are extremely rare tumours, particularly in the paediatric population. CASE REPORT: A 13-year-old girl presented with two epileptic seizures, papilloedema and incomplete binasal quadrantanopia. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large heterogeneously enhancing tumour of the anterior skull base with a prominent dorsal pseudocyst. Interestingly, the pseudocyst embraced the right ICA bifurcation and displaced the optic tracts, optic chiasm and optic nerves and the ipsilateral basal ganglia. The patient underwent surgery via the frontolateral approach, and the tumour was completely removed. The pseudocyst was opened, and its wall was partially resected. It subsequently resolved completely. Histopathological examination yielded the rare diagnosis of schwannoma of the anterior skull base. CONCLUSION: Although extremely rare, olfactory groove schwannomas can be seen in paediatric patients. Our patient is the youngest ever reported with this histopathological diagnosis along with the formation of a large pseudocyst.

• MeSH
• Internal Capsule pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Skull Base Neoplasms pathology   surgery   MeSH
• Neurilemmoma pathology   surgery   MeSH
• Optic Tract pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Case Reports MeSH

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH