- MeSH
- cestování * MeSH
- oftalmologie MeSH
- turistika MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
- O autorovi
- Lukeš, Julius, 1990- Autorita
Trypanosoma brucei parasites are the causative agents of African trypanosomiasis in humans, as well as surra, nagana, and dourine in animals. According to current widely used nomenclature, T. brucei is a group of five (sub)species, each causing a distinct disease and possessing unique genetic marker(s) or a combination thereof. However, minimal nuclear genome differences, sometimes accompanied by ongoing genetic exchange, robustly support polyphyly resulting from multiple independent origins of the (sub)species in nature. The ease of generating such (sub)species in the laboratory, as well as the case of overlapping hosts and disease symptoms, is incompatible with the current (sub)species paradigm, which implies a monophyletic origin. Here, we critically re-evaluate this concept, considering recent genome sequencing and experimental studies. We argue that ecotype should be used going forward as a significantly more accurate and appropriate designation.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Trypanosoma brucei brucei * genetika MeSH
- Trypanosoma * genetika MeSH
- trypanozomiáza * MeSH
- trypanozomóza africká * parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Though widespread, RNA editing is rare, except in endosymbiotic organelles. A combination of higher mutation rates, relaxation of energetic constraints, and high genetic drift is found within plastids and mitochondria and is conducive for evolution and expansion of editing processes, possibly starting as repair mechanisms. To illustrate this, we present an exhaustive phylogenetic overview of editing types.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc mikrobiologie MeSH
- fekální transplantace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- porod MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- asparaginasa škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreatitida * chemicky indukované diagnóza MeSH
- proteiny asociované s pankreatitidou MeSH
- protinádorové látky * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The expanding phylogenetic tree of trypanosomatid flagellates (Kinetoplastea: Trypanosomatidae) contains a long-known and phylogenetically well-supported species-rich lineage that was provisionally named as the 'jaculum' clade. Its members were found in representatives of several unrelated families of heteropteran bugs captured in South and Central America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. However, this group resisted introduction into the culture, a needed prerequisite for its proper characterization. Here we describe four new cultivable species, which parasitize various parts of their hosts' intestine, including the thoracic and abdominal part of the midgut, hindgut, and Malpighian tubules. Morphologically, the cultured flagellates vary from relatively short stumpy promastigotes to long slender leptomonad cells. Some species form straphangers (cyst-like amastigotes) both in vivo and in vitro, initially attached to the basal part of the flagellum of the mother cell, from which they subsequently detach. To formally classify this enigmatic monophyletic cosmopolitan clade, we erected Obscuromonas gen. nov., including five species: O. modryi sp. nov. (isolated from the true bug host species Riptortus linearis captured in the Philippines), O. volfi sp. nov. (from Catorhintha selector, Curaçao), O. eliasi sp. nov. (from Graptostethus servus, Papua New Guinea), O. oborniki sp. nov. (from Aspilocoryphus unimaculatus, Madagascar), and O. jaculum comb. nov. (from Nepa cinerea, France). Obscuromonas along with the genus Blastocrithidia belongs to the newly established Blastocrithidiinae subfam. nov.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Heteroptera parazitologie MeSH
- kultivační techniky MeSH
- Trypanosomatina klasifikace cytologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Monoxenous (one host) trypanosomatids from insects and other invertebrates can be introduced into axenic culture relatively easily and efficiently, allowing for their transfer from the field into the laboratory. Here we describe simple methods and alternative cultivation protocols, the wider application of which will allow substantial expansion of trypanosomatids available for research.
- MeSH
- axenická kultura metody MeSH
- hmyz parazitologie MeSH
- parazitologie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- Trypanosomatina izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
