The aim of this study was to assess the effects of T-2 toxin-contaminated feed (at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.8 mg/kg) on the rainbow trout immune system by studying non-specific cellular and humoral immune responses and its effect on red and white blood cells. Consumption of T-2 toxin at both concentrations resulted in significantly increased erythrocyte counts and a decrease in mean corpuscular volume. While a significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin was observed at both experimental concentrations, the decrease in plasma haemoglobin was only significant at the higher T-2 toxin concentration. Higher T-2 toxin concentrations resulted in a significant increase in leukocyte and lymphocyte count, while absolute phagocyte count and counts of less mature neutrophil granulocyte forms remained unchanged at both concentrations. Non-specific humoral immunity (bactericidal activity measured as complement activation) decreased significantly in both experimental groups when compared with the control. The results of this study show that T-2 toxin in feed at a concentration range of 1.0-1.8 mg/kg influences the immunological defence mechanisms of rainbow trout.Trial registration number, MSMT-3876/2014-14; date of registration, 31/1/2014.
- MeSH
- Fusarium chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Hemoglobins metabolism MeSH
- Immunity, Humoral drug effects MeSH
- Food Contamination analysis MeSH
- Animal Feed analysis MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss blood immunology metabolism microbiology MeSH
- Erythrocyte Count MeSH
- Leukocyte Count MeSH
- T-2 Toxin analysis metabolism toxicity MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental bacteria that can induce pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases in susceptible persons. It is reported that the prevalence of NTM diseases is increasing in developed countries, but this differs by regions and countries. NTM species distribution and the rate of diseases caused by NTM vary widely in the historical territories of Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic). This epidemiologic study of NTM diseases covers the period 2012-2018, reviews isolates obtained from patients with clinical disease and investigates correlations with related socio-economic and environmental factors. Individual NTM patients were included only once during the studied period and results were presented as incidence rate per year. The most frequently isolated NTM meeting the microbiological and clinical criteria in the study were the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, followed by Mycobacteriumkansasii and Mycobacteriumxenopi. A previously described endemic incidence of M.kansasii in the Karviná district and M.xenopi in the Ostrava district was also observed in this study. The incidence of NTM patients in the whole studied territory was 1.10/100,000 inhabitants (1.33/100,000 in men and 0.88/100,000 in women). The annual incidence of lymphadenitis in children (≤5 years of age) was 2.35/100,000 of the population of children during the 7 year period but increased in the year 2018 to 5.95/100,000. The rate of human tuberculosis in the studied area was 1.97/100,000 inhabitants. The incidence of NTM pulmonary diseases correlated with a lower socio-economic status (r = 0.63) and a higher concentration of benzo[a]pyrene pollution in the air (r = 0.64).
- MeSH
- Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Incidence MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria * MeSH
- Lung Diseases epidemiology microbiology MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Environment MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Keywords
- naplaveniny - mikrobiologie,
- MeSH
- Chiroptera MeSH
- Ecosystem MeSH
- Feces microbiology MeSH
- Geologic Sediments microbiology MeSH
- Caves * chemistry microbiology MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques MeSH
- Water Microbiology MeSH
- Environmental Microbiology * MeSH
- Mycobacterium * genetics isolation & purification classification MeSH
- Oligochaeta microbiology MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Deoxynivalenol (DON) - trichothecene mycotoxin, is frequently detected in high concentrations in cereals in the temperate region of Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of DON in feed on haematological and biochemical parameters and on oxidative stress in piglets. METHODS: Two concentrations of DON in feedstuff for pigs were chosen: 0.6 mg/kg (group C) and 2.0 mg/kg (group M). Twelve weaned pigs were used in each group. Pigs were fed with naturally contaminated feed for 4 weeks. On days 14, 21 and at the end of the experiment (day 28) samples of blood were taken to determine haematological parameters, plasma biochemical parameters, ceruloplasmin activity and FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma). RESULTS: The haematological variables did not show changes in response to contaminated diet with exception of the mean corpuscular volume, which was significantly decreased at the end of the experiment in the group M. A significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity (140%, p<0.01) was found in the group M compared to the group C at the end of the experiment. A significant decrease was found on the day 21 in FRAP (85%, p<0.001) and on the day 28 in ceruloplasmin (75%, p<0.01) in the group M compared to the group C. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease of FRAP and ceruloplasmin indicate a lowered ability of organism to scavenge reactive oxygen species. The higher concentration of DON in feedstuffs had a negative influence on the antioxidant ability of piglet's plasma.
- MeSH
- Biomarkers blood MeSH
- Food Contamination * MeSH
- Blood Proteins metabolism MeSH
- Animal Feed * MeSH
- Mycotoxins pharmacology MeSH
- Animals, Newborn MeSH
- Oxidative Stress drug effects MeSH
- Swine MeSH
- Trichothecenes pharmacology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Acetamides * analysis blood MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical * MeSH
- Chromatography, Gas * methods utilization MeSH
- Carps MeSH
- Pesticide Residues * metabolism MeSH
- Fishes MeSH
- Triazines * analysis blood MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
