BACKGROUND: Deciphering the molecular mechanisms mediating the chemical senses, taste, and smell has been of vital importance for understanding the nature of how insects interact with their chemical environment. Several gene families are implicated in the uptake, recognition, and termination of chemical signaling, including binding proteins, chemosensory receptors and degrading enzymes. The cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, is a phytophagous pest and current focal species for insect chemical ecology and neuroethology. RESULTS: We produced male and female Illumina-based transcriptomes from chemosensory and non-chemosensory tissues of S. littoralis, including the antennae, proboscis, brain and body carcass. We have annotated 306 gene transcripts from eight gene families with known chemosensory function, including 114 novel candidate genes. Odorant receptors responsive to floral compounds are expressed in the proboscis and may play a role in guiding proboscis probing behavior. In both males and females, expression of gene transcripts with known chemosensory function, including odorant receptors and pheromone-binding proteins, has been observed in brain tissue, suggesting internal, non-sensory function for these genes. CONCLUSIONS: A well-curated set of annotated gene transcripts with putative chemosensory function is provided. This will serve as a resource for future chemosensory and transcriptomic studies in S. littoralis and closely related species. Collectively, our results expand current understanding of the expression patterns of genes with putative chemosensory function in insect sensory and non-sensory tissues. When coupled with functional data, such as the deorphanization of odorant receptors, the gene expression data can facilitate hypothesis generation, serving as a substrate for future studies.
- MeSH
- chuťová percepce MeSH
- esterasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- hmyzí geny MeSH
- hmyzí proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- mozek metabolismus MeSH
- multigenová rodina MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu genetika metabolismus MeSH
- receptory pachové genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Spodoptera enzymologie genetika metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- tykadla členovců metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu * ekonomika škodlivé účinky trendy MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIMS: To document the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) from eight European countries to alcohol and alcohol problems and how these attitudes are associated with self-reported activity in managing patients with alcohol and alcohol problems. METHODS: A total of 2345 GPs were surveyed. The questionnaire included questions on the GP's demographics, reported education and training on alcohol, attitudes towards managing alcohol problems and self-reported estimates of numbers of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year. RESULTS: The estimated mean number of patients managed for alcohol and alcohol problems during the previous year ranged from 5 to 21 across the eight countries. GPs who reported higher levels of education for alcohol problems and GPs who felt more secure in managing patients with such problems reported managing a higher number of patients. GPs who reported that doctors tended to have a disease model of alcohol problems and those who felt that drinking was a personal rather than a medical responsibility reported managing a lower number of patients. CONCLUSION: The extent of alcohol education and GPs' attitudes towards alcohol were associated with the reported number of patients managed. Thus, it is worth exploring the extent to which improved education, using pharmacotherapy in primary health care and a shift to personalized health care in which individual patients are facilitated to undertake their own assessment and management (individual responsibility) might increase the number of heavy drinkers who receive feedback on their drinking and support to reduce their drinking.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy způsobené alkoholem psychologie MeSH
- praktické lékařství MeSH
- praktičtí lékaři psychologie MeSH
- sběr dat MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
ix, 149 s. : il., tab. ; 30 cm
Alcohol is one of the world’s top three priority areas in public health. Even though only half the global population drinks alcohol, it is the world’s third leading cause of ill health and premature death, after low birth weight and unsafe sex, and greater than tobacco. In Europe, alcohol is also the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality after tobacco and high blood pressure. This report presents the latest literature overview of effective alcohol policies, and includes data from the European Union, Norway and Switzerland in the areas of alcohol consumption, harm and policy approaches. The data presented were collected from a survey in 2011.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
- poruchy způsobené alkoholem prevence a kontrola MeSH
- sběr dat MeSH
- snížení rizika poškození MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
vi, 373 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 30 cm
This report presents the latest data from the WHO European Region on alcohol consumption and harm and the responses made to them in countries. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno.
- MeSH
- alkoholismus epidemiologie MeSH
- pití alkoholu prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- poruchy způsobené alkoholem prevence a kontrola MeSH
- snížení rizika poškození MeSH
- sociální problémy prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- statistiky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
128 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 21 cm
The report focuses on binge drinking and policies to prevent it in Europe. Written for professional public.
- MeSH
- nárazové pití alkoholu MeSH
- poruchy způsobené alkoholem MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- sociální problémy MeSH
- zdravotně rizikové chování MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- zprávy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- politologie, politika, zdravotní politika
vi, 432 stran : ilustrace, tabuky ; 29 cm
This study on alcohol, requested and financed by the European Commission, describes the social, health and economic burden that alcohol brings to Europe as a whole.
- MeSH
- alkoholické nápoje ekonomika statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Evropská unie MeSH
- pití alkoholu prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- programy národního zdraví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- sociologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
249 s. : il. ; 30 cm
- MeSH
- alkoholismus MeSH
- kouření MeSH
- pití alkoholu MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek MeSH
- zákonodárství jako téma MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Konspekt
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- zdravotní výchova
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
WHO Regional Publications. European Series ; 70
47 stran
- Klíčová slova
- alkohol,
- NLK Obory
- adiktologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO