Vyhodnocení lékových interakcí s navržením správného řešení může být v některých případech komplikované. Při interpretaci je nezbytné uvažovat nad interakcemi farmaceutickými, farmakodynamickými a farmakokinetickými. Je důležité správně posoudit potenciál léčiva interagovat nejen na metabolické úrovni, ale i na úrovni absorpce, distribuce a zejména eliminace. V článku jsou diskutovány základní interakce inhibitorů integrázy používaných u HIV pacientů. Na příkladu z klinické praxe je demonstrováno řešení takové interakce.
Evaluation of drug interactions and offering the most suitable solution may be complicated in some cases. Pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions should be considered in the interpretation. It is important to properly assess the potential of drug to interact not only at the metabolic level but also at the level of absorption, distribution and especially elimination. The article discusses the basic interactions of integrase inhibitors used in HIV patients. The solution of such an interaction is shown on the example from clinical practice.
- MeSH
- AIDS * farmakoterapie MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory HIV-integrasy aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- lékové interakce * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metformin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
This paper presents design of two new methods of speech fundamental frequency (f0) detection for vowel sustained phonations and the detection method, which use cross-corelation to detect f0, is tested. The algorithm consists of certain preprocessing and processing methods. The first method is based on the detection of maxima and the second method is based on band pass filtration. In comparison with the other commonly used f0 detection methods, our algorithms are designed with respect to speech pathology detection. These methods lead to detection of the other voice parameters such as jitter, shimmer and harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR). The results of this study are compared with database, which is labeled by the help of Praat algorithm. The results for maximum method succeed at 88.4% and for pass band method at 83.9%. The detection leads to create self-automated method, which detect robustly f0.
In this paper we present usage of the two novel speech fundamental frequency (f0) detection methods for sustained phonations to assess other vocal parameter such as jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR). These voice parameters are commonly used to detect the speaker's voice characteristics and his voice quality. The aim of the work is to design the algorithm for detecting these vocal parameters, regarding to the robustness and automatization with minimisation of external parameters set-up. The results of particular parameters are compared with commonly used software Praat. The comparison of results between Praat and our designed vocal parameters were 83% for jitter, 88% for shimmer and 94% for HNR.
