Human skeletal variability is influenced by several factors, including genetics, environment, and socio-cultural background. Forensic methods being traditionally based on targeted reference groups, it is recognized that they are population-specific. Additionally, secular trends highly impact on the skeletal morphology, but the effect of outdated methods on forensic cases is not yet well documented. This paper compares the sexual dimorphism of femoral dimensions in two samples from the Czech population separated by 60 years in time (Pachner and the Prague National Museum Collections). Significant secular trends are present within this short span in both sexes and for most of the seven tested linear variables. The consequence of secular trends on sex determination is tested with logistic regression, and a decrease in reliability is systematically observed when using the older Czech sample on the 20th century sample, whichever the set of variables included. A model based on a recent Croatian sample provides a higher reliability on contemporaneous Czech individuals. These results imply that above population specificity, temporal consistency may be a major criterion to fulfil when applying forensic anthropology identification methods.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- femur anatomie a histologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- soudní antropologie MeSH
- určení pohlaví podle kostry * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study describes the estimation of age at death from the compact bone of burned and unburned human ribs. Bone samples came from individuals of known age, sex, and cause of death. Each bone was divided into four sections; three sections were burned at 700, 800, and 1000°C. Undecalcified, unstained ground cross sections were photographed, and 28 variables were analyzed in the bones using SigmaScan Pro 5. Age-related as well as heat-induced microstructural changes were found. These changes were often very similar and made estimating the age at death difficult in the burned bones. Differences between the sexes were found in some variables, caused by both aging and also by the different behavior of some variables during burning. Regression equations were developed to estimate age at death for unburned bones (r² = 0.579 and 0.707), bones burned at 700°C (r² = 0.453 and 0.501), and 800°C (r² = 0.334 and 0.340).
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fotografování MeSH
- Haversův systém patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- mikroskopie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- popálení patologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- soudní patologie MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- určení kostního věku metody MeSH
- žebra zranění patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The presented study deals with the effect of the cremation temperature on the microstructure and morphology of the human compact bone. The biological material consisted of samples from ribs of recent Central European origin belonging to individuals of known age, sex and cause of death. Each bone sample was divided into several sections. One section remained unburned and the rest were burned at 700, 800 and 1000 degrees C. A few samples were burned also at the temperature of 600 degrees C. The undecalcified unstained ground cross-sections were made from burned and unburned bones; photographed and analysed using the SigmaScan Pro 5 programme. During burning, both the macroscopic and microscopic dimensions of the bone shrink, including the measures of the individual microstructures. The percentual representation of the area of individual microstructures on the area of the cross-section decreases. The number of individual microstructures per mm2 of the compact bone cross-section increases. Most microstructural variables demonstrated statistically significant differences at the individual temperatures of cremation. The burned bones showed a large scale of the colours, especially at 700 degrees C.
- MeSH
- antropologie fyzická MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- histocytochemie MeSH
- kremace * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- žebra chemie účinky záření ultrastruktura MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- analýza určování pohlaví * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- plod MeSH
- posmrtné změny MeSH
- rasové skupiny MeSH
- soudní antropologie * metody MeSH
- tělesná výška MeSH
- určení kostního věku * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- určení pohlaví podle kostry * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- určení zubního věku * metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antropologie MeSH
- archeologie MeSH
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- hypoplazie zubní skloviny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci kostí MeSH
- orální zdraví MeSH
- paleopatologie * MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tibie patologie MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antropologie MeSH
- archeologie MeSH
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- hypoplazie zubní skloviny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci kostí MeSH
- nemoci páteře MeSH
- orální zdraví MeSH
- paleopatologie MeSH
- sociální hierarchie * MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory * MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zdravotní stav * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny středověku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In spite of a recent preferential application of molecular genetic methods to kinship determination of anonymous human skeletal remains, the classical anthropological methods cannot be rejected as they are simple, quick and give access to a large part of a genome. This paper deals with the extent of morphological skeletal similarity in persons of known genealogical relationship. The skeletal remains of eight individuals from the family tomb of the Swéerts-Sporck's noble family in castle Kuks, East Bohemia, Czech Republic were analysed. Basic personal details, as well as data on their genealogical relationship, were available. Individuals were compared according to 173 anatomical variants--epigenetic traits, 90 of which were located on the skull and 83 on the postcranial skeleton. For each trait the percentile coincidence and/or difference were calculated. We observed the highest coincidence between the father and his son. These two individuals showed both closest correlation in the presence and the least difference in the occurrence of anatomical variants, as well as a high value of paternal probability. Clear kinship was also detected among cousins of the same or opposite sex. However, kinship between brother and sister was not so evident. The greatest difference was observed amongst biologically unrelated family members such as women who married into the family. The individuals under investigation showed a significantly higher occurrence of three among four traits of the sella turcica (ponticulus carotico-clinoideus, ponticulus interclinoideus, taenia interclinoidea; 99% confidence). A significantly higher occurrence of the ponticuli basales ossis sphenoidalis, palatine torus and the costal articular surface on the body of 7th cervical vertebrae was also found (95% confidence). Our results, therefore, suggest that these morphological variants might be considered as family-specific traits.
- MeSH
- antropologie fyzická MeSH
- dějiny 17. století MeSH
- dějiny 18. století MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň anatomie a histologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohřeb dějiny MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- společenská třída MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 17. století MeSH
- dějiny 18. století MeSH
- dějiny 19. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
