Burn injuries are a significant global health concern, with more than 11 million people requiring medical intervention each year and approximately 180,000 deaths annually. Despite progress in health and social care, burn injuries continue to result in socioeconomic burdens for victims and their families. The management of severe burn injuries involves preventing and treating burn shock and promoting skin repair through a two-step procedure of covering and closing the wound. Currently, split-thickness/full-thickness skin autografts are the gold standard for permanent skin substitution. However, deep burns treated with split-thickness skin autografts may contract, leading to functional and appearance issues. Conversely, defects treated with full-thickness skin autografts often result in more satisfactory function and appearance. The development of tissue-engineered dermal templates has further expanded the scope of wound repair, providing scar reductive and regenerative properties that have extended their use to reconstructive surgical interventions. Although their interactions with the wound microenvironment are not fully understood, these templates have shown potential in local infection control. This narrative review discusses the current state of wound repair in burn injuries, focusing on the progress made from wound cover to wound closure and local infection control. Advancements in technology and therapies hold promise for improving the outcomes for burn injury patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of wound repair and tissue regeneration may provide new insights for developing more effective treatments in the future.

• MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• jizva etiologie   prevence a kontrola   chirurgie   MeSH
• kůže patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení * chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• transplantace kůže metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• fraktury kostí klasifikace   komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obvazy klasifikace   MeSH
• popálení patologie   terapie   MeSH
• poranění elektrickým proudem etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• první pomoc klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• rány a poranění * klasifikace   komplikace   terapie   MeSH
• vnitřní fixace fraktury klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Excessive connective tissue accumulation, a hallmark of hypertrophic scaring, results in progressive deterioration of the structure and function of organs. It can also be seen during tumor growth and other fibroproliferative disorders. These processes result from a wide spectrum of cross-talks between mesenchymal, epithelial and inflammatory/immune cells that have not yet been fully understood. In the present review, we aimed to describe the molecular features of fibroblasts and their interactions with immune and epithelial cells and extracellular matrix. We also compared different types of fibroblasts and their roles in skin repair and regeneration following burn injury. In summary, here we briefly review molecular changes underlying hypertrophic scarring following burns throughout all basic wound healing stages, i.e. during inflammation, proliferation and maturation.

• MeSH
• epitelové buňky metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• fibroblasty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• hojení ran genetika   MeSH
• jizva hypertrofická genetika   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení genetika   patologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk genetika   MeSH
• zánět genetika   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• cizí tělesa diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fraktury femuru klasifikace   MeSH
• fraktury kostí diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• kraniocerebrální traumata MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• popálení diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• poranění břicha diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• poranění kolena diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• úrazy a nehody * klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

The concept of spontaneous combustion has huge appeal as an historical fiction but it has no scientific background. However, in some deaths involving fire, a body can burn away virtually completely with minimal thermal destruction to the neighboring environment. We report an extraordinary case of the self-immolation of an elderly woman who set herself on fire with suicidal intentions. The unusual appearance and location of the body closely resembled the phenomenon of so-called spontaneous human combustion because the upper parts of the body were almost totally destroyed by fire, while the legs and surrounding structures remained almost untouched by flames. The results of all investigations proved that the woman set fire to her body using a box of matches and accelerants (concentrated ethanol and a solid firelighter). Near-total combustion of her body subsequently occurred during the postmortem period. The development of alleged spontaneous human combustion requires the following: ignition (external heat source), fuel (molten human fat), a wick (e.g. charred and porous clothing, bedding, or ground), time, and an optimal microclimate for gradual burning.

• MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení patologie   MeSH
• požáry * MeSH
• rozpouštědla MeSH
• sebevražda * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Stanovení sérové aktivity aspartátaminotransferázy (AST) patří k základním biochemickým vyšetřením. AST se v ojedinělých případech váže na sérové imunoglobuliny a tvoří makroenzym zvaný makro AST, který se vyznačuje vysokou molekulovou hmotností a delším biologickým poločasem, což způsobuje jeho dlouhodobě zvýšenou sérovou aktivitu bez klinické příčiny. Pacienti s neobjasněnou elevací enzymu v séru bývají často v rámci diferenciální diagnostiky podrobně vyšetřováni včetně invazivních a finančně náročných vyšetření. Včasný záchyt makrokomplexových forem enzymů pomocí precipitace imunoglobulinů v séru či plazmě s polyethylenglykolem může těmto náročným vyšetřením zabránit.

Measurement of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) activity is one of the most common biochemical tests. In rare cases AST binds to immunoglobulins and forms macroenzyme called macro AST, which has high molecular weight and longer biological half-time. This causes persistent elevation of AST activity without clinical correlate. Patients with unexplained serum AST elevation usually undergo detailed investigation including invasive and costly procedures. Early identification of macroenzymes by serum or plasma precipitation with polyethylene glycol could reduce the number of costly and invasive investigations.

• MeSH
• aspartátaminotransferasy * fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• enzymy MeSH
• játra enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Artificial skin has become the treatment of choice in extensive, full-thickness thermal injuries. The longest follow-up of the healing process in burn sites covered with the Integra Bilayer Matrix Wound Dressing onto the wound published to date was at around five years after application. In our case report, we describe the clinical and histological analysis of an extensive, full-thickness thermal injury 14 years on from treatment with the bilayer matrix wound dressing. CASE STUDY: A nine-year-old boy suffered a full-thickness skin loss over 85% of his body surface area following a fire accident. The bilayer matrix wound dressing was used on both legs and covered almost 30% of his body surface area. Cosmetic and functional results were satisfactory. Histological analysis performed nine years after the application of the bilayer matrix wound dressing onto the wound showed a double-layered skin composition with changes in the fibrous component of the dermis. CONCLUSION: Despite satisfactory short- and long-term clinical results from applications of the bilayer matrix wound dressing, we found important differences in microstructure when compared with the physiological condition.

• MeSH
• chondroitin sulfáty * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• kolagen * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• umělá kůže * MeSH
• zákroky plastické chirurgie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

PURPOSE: In this paper we present a case report of two people who were found dead in a holiday cottage after a fire. The cause of death in these cases was clarified by the presence of blood in the left pleural cavity in both bodies. METHODS: An inspection of the bodies at the scene of the fire and subsequent examination by a medical examiner suggested the deaths were accidental. RESULTS: An autopsy showed that the bodies were those of a man and a woman with severe carbonization of the skin, soft tissues, brain, and some organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. There were also isolated stab injuries to the chest, as well as injuries to skeletal structures and intrathoracic organs. The accumulated blood in the pleural cavity had protected the internal organs against thermal destruction and preserved the traumatic findings. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of the protective effect of hemothorax against thermal damage of the intrathoracic organs.

• MeSH
• bodné rány patologie   MeSH
• hemotorax patologie   MeSH
• krev MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• popálení patologie   MeSH
• poranění hrudníku patologie   MeSH
• požáry * MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• vražda MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Silver/Alginate/Nicotinamide nanoparticles composite (Ag/ALG/Nic) was prepared and used for the first time to fabricate wound dressing material. Sodium alginate (ALG) was used as reducing and stabilizing agents for preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Effect of concentrations of alginate (ALG) on the particle size of silver were studied and confirmed by different techniques like UV/vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Nonwoven viscous fabrics were used as a carrier for silver/alginate/nanoparticles composite by impregnated the nonwoven fabrics as per the padding-curing technique. Nicotinamide (Nic) as anti-inflammatory drug was entrapped into Ag-NPS/ALG/nonwoven fabrics. Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to evaluate the presence of Ag/ALG/Nic nanoparticles composite anchored the nonwoven fabrics. The antibacterial activity of the Ag/ALG/Nic wound dressing material was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus (St. Aureus). The wound healing and histological studied were evaluated by using burn diabetic rat animals.

• MeSH
• algináty chemie   MeSH
• antiflogistika nesteroidní farmakologie   MeSH
• aplikace kožní MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus chemicky indukované   komplikace   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli komplikace   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kůže účinky léků   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• kyselina glukuronová chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny hexuronové chemie   MeSH
• nanokompozity chemie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• niacinamid farmakologie   MeSH
• obvazy * MeSH
• popálení farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce komplikace   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• streptozocin MeSH
• stříbro chemie   MeSH
• textilie MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• králíci MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Protrusion of the tongue is a common, though often neglected finding in fire fatalities. According to a study recently published by Bernitz et al., it is an indicator of vital burning. This statement has been doubted repeatedly. Retrospective analysis of 61 fire fatalities from our own autopsy material did not show any statistically significant increased incidence of tongue protrusion in deaths with vital exposure to heat. Similarly, there was no correlation with the degree of destruction by the fire in general or the extent of cervical burning. Further prospective studies seem to be necessary also with regard to the pathophysiological processes.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• jazyk patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• popálení patologie   MeSH
• posmrtné změny MeSH
• požáry * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• soudní patologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH