The distribution of time that people spend in physical activity of various intensities has important health implications. Physical activity (commonly categorised by the intensity into light, moderate and vigorous physical activity), sedentary behaviour and sleep, should not be analysed separately, because they are parts of a time-use composition with a natural constraint of 24 h/day. To find out how are relative reallocations of time between physical activity of various intensities associated with health, herewith we describe compositional scalar-on-function regression and a newly developed compositional functional isotemporal substitution analysis. Physical activity intensity data can be considered as probability density functions, which better reflects the continuous character of their measurement using accelerometers. These probability density functions are characterised by specific properties, such as scale invariance and relative scale, and they are geometrically represented using Bayes spaces with the Hilbert space structure. This makes possible to process them using standard methods of functional data analysis in the L2 space, via centred logratio (clr) transformation. The scalar-on-function regression with clr transformation of the explanatory probability density functions and compositional functional isotemporal substitution analysis were applied to a dataset from a cross-sectional study on adiposity conducted among school-aged children in the Czech Republic. Theoretical reallocations of time to physical activity of higher intensities were found to be associated with larger and more progressive expected decreases in adiposity. We obtained a detailed insight into the dose-response relationship between physical activity intensity and adiposity, which was enabled by using the compositional functional approach.
- MeSH
- adipozita * MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- cvičení * fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: While there is evidence that physical activity, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep may all be associated with modified levels of inflammatory markers in adolescents and children, associations with one movement behaviour have not always been adjusted for other movement behaviours, and few studies have considered all movement behaviours in the 24-hour day as an exposure. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to explore how longitudinal reallocations of time between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), SB and sleep are associated with changes in inflammatory markers in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 296 children/adolescents participated in a prospective cohort study with a 3-year follow-up. MVPA, LPA and SB were assessed by accelerometers. Sleep duration was assessed using the Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire. Longitudinal compositional regression models were used to explore how reallocations of time between movement behaviours are associated with changes in inflammatory markers. RESULTS: Reallocations of time from SB to sleep were associated with increases in C3 levels (difference for 60 min/d reallocation [d60] = 5.29 mg/dl; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.28, 10.29) and TNF-α (d60 = 1.81 mg/dl; 95% CI = 0.79, 15.41) levels. Reallocations from LPA to sleep were also associated with increases in C3 levels (d60 = 8.10 mg/dl; 95% CI = 0.79, 15.41). Reallocations from LPA to any of the remaining time-use components were associated with increases in C4 levels (d60 ranging from 2.54 to 3.63 mg/dl; p < 0.05), while any reallocation of time away from MVPA was associated with unfavourable changes in leptin (d60 ranging from 3088.44 to 3448.07 pg/ml; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Reallocations of time between 24-h movement behaviours are prospectively associated with some inflammatory markers. Reallocating time away from LPA appears to be most consistently unfavourably associated with inflammatory markers. Given that higher levels of inflammation during childhood and adolescence are associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases in adulthood, children and adolescents should be encouraged to maintain or increase the level of LPA to preserve a healthy immune system.
BACKGROUND: Twenty-four-hour movement behaviours are gaining attention in the research community. However, no study has addressed how 24-h activity profiles vary between structured and less structured days and whether an unfavourable activity profile is associated with childhood obesity. We aimed to analyse differences between school day and weekend day 24-h activity profiles and their associations with adiposity indicators among children and adolescents. METHODS: Participants were 382 children and 338 adolescents who wore wrist accelerometers for 24 hours a day for seven consecutive days. The 24-h activity profile expressed by the average acceleration (AvAcc) and intensity gradient (IG) were estimated from multi-day raw accelerometer data. Adiposity indicators included body mass index (BMI) z-score, fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Multiple linear regression of activity profile metrics and adiposity indicators was performed separately for school and weekend days. RESULTS: Weekend days AvAcc and IG were lower compared to school days in both age groups (p <0.001 for all). Specifically, AvAcc was lower by 9.4% and 11.3% in children and adolescents, respectively. IG on weekend days was lower (more negative) by 3.4% in children and 3.1% in adolescents. Among children, on school days AvAcc and IG were negatively associated with FM%, FMI, and VAT, whilst on weekend days AvAcc was positively associated with BMI z-score, FMI, and VAT (p < 0.05 for all). Among adolescents, negative associations were found between weekend day AvAcc and IG and FM% and FMI (p < 0.05 for all), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the importance of 24-h activity profile as a potentially protective factor against excess adiposity. The variability of movement behaviours during structured and less structured days should be considered when optimizing the 24-h movement behaviours to prevent childhood obesity.
We examined the compositional associations between the intensity spectrum derived from incremental acceleration intensity bands and the body mass index (BMI) z-score in youth, and investigated the estimated differences in BMI z-score following time reallocations between intensity bands. School-aged youth from 63 schools wore wrist accelerometers, and data of 1453 participants (57.5% girls) were analysed. Nine acceleration intensity bands (range: 0-50 mg to ≥700 mg) were used to generate time-use compositions. Multivariate regression assessed the associations between intensity band compositions and BMI z-scores. Compositional isotemporal substitution estimated the differences in BMI z-score following time reallocations between intensity bands. The ≥700 mg intensity bandwas strongly and inversely associated with BMI z-score (p < 0.001). The estimated differences in BMI z-score when 5 min were reallocated to and from the ≥700 mg band and reallocated equally among the remaining bands were -0.28 and 0.44, respectively (boys), and -0.39 and 1.06, respectively (girls). The time in the ≥700 mg intensity band was significantly associated with BMI z-score, irrespective of sex. When even modest durations of time in this band were reallocated, the asymmetrical estimated differences in BMI z-score were clinically meaningful. The findings highlight the utility of the full physical activity intensity spectrum over a priori-determined absolute intensity cut-point approaches.
- MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- školy MeSH
- zrychlení MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study aims to describe and analyze the age differences in the 24-hour movement behavior patterns among a sample of adults and older adults with end-stage knee osteoarthritis referred for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 86 patients referred for TKA were included in this study. Sleep duration, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed using multi-day 24-hour raw data from wrist-worn accelerometers. Compositional data analysis was used to analyze the differences between the age categories. RESULTS On average (SD), the adults were 59.0 (± 4.9) years; 63% female. The older adults were 72.4 (± 5.5) years; 58% female. The adults reached 23.9 milli-gravitational units (mg) as a mean acceleration over the whole day; 34% (8.1 h/day) of the time was classified as sleep, 48.9% (11.7 h/day) as SB, 12.1% (2.9 h/day) as LPA, and 5.1% (72.9 min/day) as MVPA. The older adults reached 21.3 mg; 35.2% (8.4 h/day) of the time was classified as sleep, 50.4% (12.1 h/day) as SB, 11.3% (2.7 h/day) as LPA, and 3.1% (44.9 min/day) as MVPA. Compared with the older adults, the proportion of time spent in total MVPA (P = 0.008) and MVPA bouts of ≥1 min were greater (P ≤ 0.028) in the adult group, while the proportion of time spent in total SB was lower (P = 0.045). No age difference was found for the proportion of time spent asleep. DISCUSSION Sleep, SB, and PA are exclusive and exhaustive parts of the overall 24-h day. Using accelerometer-based measures of 24-hour movement behavior to describe these behaviors more accurately is crucial for a better understanding of patients with end-stage KOA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the adults and older adults referred for TKA are physically active despite suffering from severe knee osteoarthritis. Such a high level of physical activity may be difficult to increase by TKA postoperatively. If replicated by other studies, 24-hour movement behaviors should be implemented among the examinations required before TKA. Key words: knee osteoarthritis, accelerometer, sedentary behaviour, physical activity, sleep, 24-hour lifestyle behaviour.
- MeSH
- analýza dat MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sedavý životní styl MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spánek MeSH
- totální endoprotéza kolene * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: To date, no longitudinal study using a compositional approach has examined sedentary behavior (SB) patterns in relation to adiposity in the pediatric population. Therefore, our aims were to (1) investigate the changes in SB patterns and adiposity from childhood to adolescence, (2) analyze the prospective compositional associations between changes in SB patterns and adiposity, and (3) estimate the changes in adiposity associated with substituting SB with physical activity (PA) of different intensities. METHODS: The study presents a longitudinal design with a 5-year follow-up. A total of 88 participants (61% girls) were included in the analysis. PA and SB were monitored for seven consecutive days using a hip-worn accelerometer. Adiposity markers (fat mass percentage [FM%], fat mass index [FMI], and visceral adiposity tissue [VAT]) were assessed using the multi-frequency bioimpedance analysis. The prospective associations were examined using compositional data analysis. RESULTS: Over the follow-up period, the proportion of time spent in total SB increased by 154.8 min/day (p < 0.001). The increase in total SB was caused mainly by an increase in middle and long sedentary bouts, as these SB periods increased by 79.8 min/day and 62.0 min/day (p < 0.001 for both), respectively. FM%, FMI, and VAT increased by 2.4% points, 1.0 kg/m2, and 31.5 cm2 (p < 0.001 for all), respectively. Relative to the remaining movement behaviors, the increase in time spent in middle sedentary bouts was significantly associated with higher FM% (βilr1 = 0.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.53) at follow-up. Lower VAT by 3.3% (95% CI: 0.8 to 5.7), 3.8% (95% CI: 0.03 to 7.4), 3.9% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.9), and 3.8% (95% CI: 0.7 to 6.9) was associated with substituting 15 min/week spent in total SB and in short, middle, and long sedentary bouts, respectively, with an equivalent amount of time spent in vigorous PA. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed unfavorable changes in SB patterns and adiposity status in the transition from childhood to adolescence. Incorporating high-intensity PA at the expense of SB appears to be an appropriate approach to reduce the risk of excess adiposity in the pediatric population.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cílem studie bylo podrobně popsat sedavé chování ve skupině starších žen a prozkoumat jeho souvislost s adipozitou. Analyzovali jsme data o 314 starších ženách (66,6 ± 6,5 let) z Česka, Slovenska a Polska. Ukazatelem adipozity bylo procentuální zastoupení tělesného tuku, které bylo měřeno bioelektrickou impedanční analýzou. Strukturu sedavého chování jsme monitorovali pomocí akcelerometru a analyzovali jsme dílčí epizody sezení v rozsahu 1-9, 10-29 a ≥ 30 min. Souvislosti jsme zjišťovali pomocí vícenásobné lineární regrese. Našli jsme statisticky významnou souvislost mezi procentuálním zastoupením tělesného tuku a dobou strávenou v epizodách trvajících 10-29 minut ((β = 0,03, p < 0,01)) a frekvencí všech analyzovaných epizod sezení (rozmezí β –0,08 až 0,6; p < 0,05), které byly nezávislé na věku, pohybové aktivitě, demografických, socioekonomických a zdravotních faktorech. Struktura sedavého chování se u starších žen prokázala jako významný faktor ovlivňující adipozitu. Při plánování preventivních programů či intervencí by proto neměla být opomíjena redukce sedavého chování.
This study aimed to describe sedentary behaviour in detail and assess its association with adiposity in older adult women. Data from 314 community-dwelling women (mean age 66.6 ± 6.5 years) from Czech Republic, Poland, and Slovakia were analyzed. Fat mass percentage was used as an indicator of adiposity, measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The patterns of sedentary behaviour were monitored using an accelerometer, and 1-9, 10-29 and ≥ 30 min. bouts were analyzed. We performed a multiple linear regression analysis to assess the association between variables. There was a significant association of fat mass percentage with time spent in bouts with a duration 10-29 min. (β = 0,03, p < 0,01) and the frequency of all analyzed bouts (β ranging –0,08 to 0,6; p < 0,05) which was independent of age, physical activity, demographic, socio-economic and health factors. Our results suggest that the sedentary behaviour patterns are significantly associated with adiposity. Reducing of sedentary time should be considered when planning a prevention programs or interventions.
- MeSH
- adipozita * MeSH
- akcelerometrie MeSH
- analýza dat MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Východiska: Nadváha a obezita je mimo genetických faktorů determinována životním stylem jedince. Nastavení životního stylu dětí a adolescentů však není zcela výsledkem jejich rozhodnutí. Rodiče často formují návyky svých dětí a představují pro ně vzor. Proto může existovat vztah mezi rodičovskými charakteristikami a nadváhou a obezitou jejich dětí. Cíle: Cílem této studie bylo prozkoumat vztah mezi vybranými rodičovskými charakteristikami a nadváhou a obezitou jejich dětí. Metodika: Do výzkumu bylo zapojeno 528 dětí (58 % dívek) ve věku 9-17 let a jejich rodiče. Nadváha a obezita dětí byla určena na základě BMI z-skóre a s ohledem na procentuální zastoupení tělesného tuku (tj. zvýšená adipozita). Rodičovské charakteristiky byly shromážděny dotazníkovou metodou a byly vyjádřeny úrovní tělesné hmotnosti, účastí ve volnočasové pohybové aktivitě (PA), sedavým chováním a nejvyšším dosaženým vzděláním. Výsledky: Bylo prokázáno, že volnočasová PA matky snižuje riziko nadváhy a obezity u dcery téměř dvojnásobně (poměr šancí [OR] = 0,51; 95% konfidenční interval [CI] = 0,29-0,92; p = 0,025). V případě PA otce bylo také pozorováno téměř 2krát nižší riziko nadváhy a obezity u dcery (OR = 0,54; 95% CI = 0,30-0,95; p = 0,032) a 3krát nižší riziko zvýšené adipozity u syna (OR = 0,36; 95% CI = 0,17-0,77; p = 0,008). Děti, jejichž rodiče dosáhli vysokoškolského vzdělání, měly téměř 2krát nižší riziko nadváhy a obezity (dcera-matka, OR = 0,52; 95% CI 0,28-0,96; p = 0,037; syn-otec, OR = 0,46; 95% CI = 0,31-0,93; p = 0,031). Obezita matky zvyšuje riziko nadváhy a obezity 3,2krát u dcery (OR = 3,24; 95% CI = 1,48-7,05; p = 0,003) a téměř 4krát u syna (OR = 3,99; 95% CI = 1,27-12,58; p = 0,018). V případě otce bylo pozorováno zvýšené riziko nadváhy a obezity pouze u dcery (OR = 4,25; 95% CI = 2,23-8,12; p < 0,001). Závěry: Výsledky prezentované v této studii poukazují na významný vztah mezi rodičovskými charakteristikami a rizikem nadváhy a obezity dětí. Z tohoto důvodu by měl být v rámci primární a sekundární prevence dětské obezity kladen důraz na tvorbu komplexních intervenčních programů, do kterých jsou zapojení všichni členové rodiny.
Background: In addition to genetic factors, overweight and obesity are determined by lifestyle. However, the setting of children's and adolescents' lifestyle is not completely the result of their decisions. Parents shape the habits of their children and play the role of a model. Therefore, there is likely to be an association between parental characteristics and overweight and obesity status in their children. Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the associations between selected parental characteristics and overweight and obesity in their children. Methods: The research involved 528 children (58% girls) aged 9-17 years and their parents. Overweight and obesity in children was determined by means of BMI z-score with respect to fat mass percentage (i.e., excess adiposity). Parental characteristics were collected by a questionnaire and included weight status, participation in leisure physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour, and highest educational attainment. Results: It has been confirmed that mothers' leisure PA decreases the risk of overweight and obesity in their daughters almost two times (odds ratio [OR] = 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0,29-0.92; p = 0.025). In the case of fathers' PA, the results suggested an almost two times lower risk of overweight and obesity in their daughters (OR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.30-0.95; p = 0.032) and three times lower risk of excess adiposity in their sons (OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.17-0.77; p = 0.008). Children of parents with a university degree had an almost two times lower risk of overweight and obesity (daughter-mother, OR = 0.52; 95% CI 0.28-0.96; p = 0.037; son-father, OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.31-0.93; p = 0.031). Mothers' obesity increased the risk of overweight and obesity three times in their daughters (OR = 3.24; 95% CI = 1.48-7.05; p = 0.003) and almost four times in their sons (OR = 3.99; 95% CI = 1.27-12.54; p = 0.018). In the case of fathers, the results suggested an increased risk of overweight and obesity only in their daughters (OR = 4.25; 95% CI = 2.23-8.12; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results presented in this study showed a significant association between parental characteristics and the risk of overweight and obesity in children. For this reason, primary and secondary prevention of childhood obesity should focus on the development of comprehensive intervention programmes that involve all family members.
- MeSH
- charakteristiky rodiny * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * etiologie MeSH
- obezita etiologie MeSH
- sedavý životní styl MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Monografie
1. vydání 84 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- chůze MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- sedavý životní styl MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- zdravý životní styl MeSH
- ženy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- Konspekt
- Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- NLK Publikační typ
- studie
Východisko. Pro hodnocení výskytu nadváhy a obezity se v současné době nejčastěji využívá body mass index (BMI). Tento hmotnostně-výškový index však neumožňuje postihnout proměnlivost a změny v zastoupení základních tělesných složek, a proto se mohou informace o výskytu nadváhy a obezity dle BMI významně odlišovat od údajů vycházejících z procentuálního zastoupení tělesného tuku (%BFM). Z výše uvedeného důvodu bylo primárním cílem prezentované studie stanovit výskyt nadváhy a obezity na základě %BFM a vztáhnouttyto hodnoty ke kategorizaci dle BMI u žen ve věku 55–84 let. Metody a výsledky. Na výzkumu participovalo 446 žen s průměrným věkem65,8 ? 6,4 let. Všechny ženy podstoupily diagnostiku tělesného složení na přístroji InBody 720. Naše výsledky poukazují na vysoký výskyt nadváhy a obezity. Počet obézních žen se s rostoucím věkem zvyšoval. Největší procento obézních jsme zaznamenali u 80letých žen. Hodnocení obezity dle BMI se zdá být objektivní pouze u skupiny žen s BMI > 30 kg/m2,ve které nevykazovalo obezitu (hodnoceno dle %BFM) pouze 1 % žen. Naopak u kategorie žen s BMI v rozmezí 18,5–24,9 kg/m2 a 25,0–29,9 kg/m2 jsme zaznamenali vysoký počet žen, jejichž %BFM odpovídalo obezitě. Závěry. Z prezentovaných výsledků vyplývá, že již při nižších hodnotách BMI (tj. < 30 kg/m2) může být u daného jedince diagnostikovaná obezita. Z tohoto důvodu doporučujeme u této věkové kategorie hodnotit výskyt obezity především dle %BFM.
Background. Currently, body mass index (BMI) is frequently used for evaluation of obesity prevalence. This weight to height index does not reflect variability and changes in body composition components, and therefore, the BMI prevalence data may significantly differ from those based on the body fat percentage (%BFM). For the above reason, the primary aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to %BFM and relate these data to BMI categories in women aged 55–84 years. Methods and results. 446 females with an average age of 65.8 ? 6.4 years participated in this study. Body composition was measured using InBody 720. Our results have shown high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study sample. Number of obese subjects increased with increasing age. We found the highest prevalence of obesity in females over 80 years. Evaluation of obesity according to BMI seems to be accurate in women with BMI > 30 kg/m2. We found only 1% of nonobese subjects (evaluated according to %BFM) in this BMI category. In contrast, there was found a large number of subjects with obesity (evaluated according to %BFM) among women in 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 BMI categories. Conclusions. The results have shown that obesity may be diagnosed in women with lower BMI (i.e., < 30 kg/m2). For this reason we recommend to evaluate the prevalence of obesity primarily from BFM% in this age group.
- MeSH
- antropometrie MeSH
- distribuce tělesného tuku MeSH
- elektrická impedance * MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha * MeSH
- obezita * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
- tuková tkáň * MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
