BACKGROUND: The dropout rate from the treatment of patients with substance use disorders (SUD) negatively affects overall treatment outcomes. Little is known about the specific role of various psychiatric and psychosocial factors in the individual patients. Limited data is available in regards to mindset and addiction treatment, giving the opportunity of testing such interventions in the future. AIM: To identify the key psychological, psychosocial, and other treatment related factors in the patients from the inpatient substance use treatment with addiction who have dropped out of the program based on correlations with the patients’ mindset. SETTING: Men’s ward for treatment of SUD at the Department of Addictology, General University Hospital in Prague, the Czech Republic. SAMPLE: 120 male patients aged between 18 and 70 years sampled by convenience sampling in the Department of Addictology at the General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic. METHODS: The prospective study with the follow-up will be based on correlation analysis of self-reports questionnaires which are completed on the first week and the last week of the treatment, followed up by a short phone interview 6 months after the beginning of the treatment for the patients that have completed the treatment. The following is a protocol for the study that began in 2020 and will end at the end of 2023. Data will be stored according to the guidelines and treatment confidentially. DISCUSSION: Findings will be disseminated in peer reviewed scientific journals, national and international conferences, and in briefings to inform clinical decision making. It will provide information which will help to personalize treatment to meet unique needs of each patient and serve as dropout prevention.
BACKGROUND: Physical diseases represent a significant burden for opioid agonist treatment (OAT) patients. This study described physical morbidity in two national cohorts of OAT patients focusing on gender differences. METHODS: This population-based cohort study linking multiple health registers investigated physical diseases (ICD-10) in patients receiving OAT in the Czech Republic (N = 4,280) and Norway (N = 11,389) during 2010-2019. Gender-stratified analysis was performed. RESULTS: Overall, we found a large burden of physical morbidity across gender groups in OAT patients. In the Czech Republic and Norway, women in OAT had a significantly higher prevalence of physical diseases across most diagnostic chapters, notably genitourinary diseases and neoplasms. Injuries/external causes and infectious/parasitic diseases were among the most common diseases in both women and men. Viral hepatitis accounted for over half of infectious morbidity in women and men in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the need for early screening, detection, and treatment of diseases and conditions across organ systems and the integration of health promotion activities to reduce physical morbidity in OAT patients. The gender differences underline the need for a tailored approach to address specific medical conditions.
- MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- opiátová substituční terapie MeSH
- opioidní analgetika * terapeutické užití MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním opiátů * farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite its inclusion in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, there is a virtual paucity of high-quality scientific evidence about compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD), especially in underrepresented and underserved populations. Therefore, we comprehensively examined CSBD across 42 countries, genders, and sexual orientations, and validated the original (CSBD-19) and short (CSBD-7) versions of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale to provide standardized, state-of-the-art screening tools for research and clinical practice. METHOD: Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; Mage = 32.39 years, SD = 12.52), we evaluated the psychometric properties of the CSBD-19 and CSBD-7 and compared CSBD across 42 countries, three genders, eight sexual orientations, and individuals with low vs. high risk of experiencing CSBD. RESULTS: A total of 4.8% of the participants were at high risk of experiencing CSBD. Country- and gender-based differences were observed, while no sexual-orientation-based differences were present in CSBD levels. Only 14% of individuals with CSBD have ever sought treatment for this disorder, with an additional 33% not having sought treatment because of various reasons. Both versions of the scale demonstrated excellent validity and reliability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to a better understanding of CSBD in underrepresented and underserved populations and facilitates its identification in diverse populations by providing freely accessible ICD-11-based screening tools in 26 languages. The findings may also serve as a crucial building block to stimulate research into evidence-based, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for CSBD that are currently missing from the literature.
Komunitní prevence zaměřená na problematiku rizikového chování hraje klíčovou roli při podpoře zdravější společnosti a ochraně blaha jednotlivců, přičemž klade důraz na proaktivní opatření ke zmírnění nepříznivých účinků rizikového chování. Cíl | Cílem studie bylo zhodnotit specializované vzdělávací moduly pro oblast adiktologické prevence z pohledu vzdělávaných účastníků. Metody | Vzdělávací moduly byly implementovány jako součást projektu COPERISK, soustředěného v Orlové, Havířově a městské části Praha 11 a realizovaného v letech 2021–2024. Do hodnocení se zapojili účastníci sedmi různých vzdělávacích modulů, z nichž tři byly nabízeny online a čtyři prezenční formou. Část respondentů se účastnila více vzdělávacích modulů. Celkem se studie zúčastnilo 868 respondentů, průměrný věk byl 46,6 let, průměrná délka praxe v oblasti prevence 6,9 let; v souboru převažovaly ženy (81,6 %). Výsledky | Odborné vzdělávací akce podpořené prostřednictvím komunitního preventivního projektu byly hodnoceny pozitivně. Moduly tváří v tvář byly z hlediska subjektivního přínosu hodnoceny příznivěji než online. Závěry | Celkově byly všechny vzdělávací moduly přijaty kladně. Online školení vyniká v širokém šíření informací, zatímco živé školení je nejvhodnější pro praktický rozvoj dovedností a interaktivní učení.
Community prevention of risk behaviours plays a pivotal role in fostering healthier societies and safeguarding the well-being of individuals while emphasising proactive measures to mitigate the adverse effects of risk behaviours. Aim | The study aims to assess specialised educational modules tailored for professionals in risk behaviour prevention across three selected locations. Methods | These modules were implemented as part of the COPERISK project implemented in 2021–2023 in the municipalities of Orlová, Havířov and the Prague 11 District. The evaluation engaged participants across seven distinct educational modules, with a total of 868 respondents, including some who participated in multiple modules. The average age of the participants was 46.6 years, with an average of 6.9 years of experience in the prevention field; the majority of the respondents were women (81.6%). Three out of the seven educational modules were offered in online formats, while the remaining four were conducted in face-to-face settings. Results | The professional training events, supported through a community prevention project, received positive evaluations. The face-to-face modules were rated more favourably than the online ones in terms of subjective benefits. Conclusions | Overall, all the training modules were accepted positively. Online training shows excellent results in terms of the breadth of information dissemination, while live training is best suited to the development of hands-on skills and interactive learning.
This study aimed to (i) analyse the prevalence of gaming in young elementary school-aged children; (ii) assess the effect of gaming frequency on excessive screen use; and (iii) identify sociodemographic variables associated with frequent gaming. METHODS: A survey was conducted in April–June 2021 with parents of children attending grades 1–3 in randomly selected elementary schools in Czechia, Slovakia, and Finland. Parents (n = 1871) reported the daily screen time and the weekly gaming frequency of their children during a typical week and provided sociodemographic information. RESULTS: Of the sample, 82% of children played digital games at least once a week. The prevalence significantly differed based on country, with the highest prevalence in Finland (94%), followed by Czechia (81%) and Slovakia (75%): χ2 (2) = 52, p < .001. There was a significant association between an increased frequency of gaming and screen time. Screen time was the highest in daily gamers (constituting 24% of the sample), in which it was as high as 280 minutes per day. Daily gaming was associated with country (χ2 (2) = 68, p < .001), gender (χ2 (1) = 12, p < .001, OR = 1.46 [1.18–1.81]), school year (χ2 (2) = 22.8, p < .001), and position among siblings (χ2 (2) = 19.8, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings may help to determine the appropriate focus for prevention interventions.
BACKGROUND: eHealth interventions can help people change behavior (eg, quit smoking). Reminders sent via SMS text messaging or email may improve the adherence to web-based programs and increase the probability of successful behavior change; however, it is unclear whether their efficiency is affected by the modality of the communication channel. OBJECTIVE: A 2-armed randomized control trial was conducted to compare the effect of providing reminders via SMS text messaging versus email on the adherence to an eHealth program for smoking cessation and on the probability to initiate a quit attempt. METHODS: Smokers were recruited via an internet-based advertisement. A total of 591 participants who diverted from intended use of the program (ie, failed to log on to a session) were automatically randomized to the experimental (SMS text messaging reminder, n=304) or the active comparator (email reminder, n=287) group. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, we found that the mode of reminder delivery did not significantly affect either the adherence, namely the number of completed program sessions, with the SMS text messaging reminder group showing a mean of 4.30 (SD 3.24) and the email reminder group showing a mean of 4.36 (SD 3.27) (t586=0.197, P=.84, and Cohen d=0.016), or the outcome, namely the quit smoking attempt rate (34.2% in the SMS text messaging group vs 31.7% in the email group; χ21=0.4, P=.52). Secondary analyses showed that age, gender, and education had significant effects on program adherence and education on the outcome. Moreover, we found a significant interaction effect between the mode of reminder delivery and gender on program adherence, suggesting that the effectiveness of SMS text message reminders might be different for females and males. However, this particular finding should be treated with care as it was based on post hoc subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the modality of user reminders to log on increased neither the program adherence nor the probability of quitting smoking. This suggests that program developers may save costs using emails instead of SMS text messaging reminders. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03276767; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT03276767.
Impulsem k zahájení procesu, jenž postupně vedl až ke vzniku zdravotnické profese adiktologa v České repub- lice, byla reakce na nedostatek dostatečně vzdělaných profesionálů v nově vznikajících službách v 90. letech. Postupem času však došlo k natolik výrazné a úspěšné profilaci této nové profese, že byl uvedený rámec překročen a vznikl zcela svébytný a originální koncept studijního programu na pozadí emancipujícího se transdisciplinárního oboru. Jeho zaměření dostalo plný rozsah tematického záběru od prevence, přes léčbu a rehabilitaci, až procesu přirozené úzdravy. Své pevné místo zde má také celá oblast strategií a metod minimalizace rizik a škod. Cílem studie je popsat okolnosti vzniku, vývoje a současného ukotvení studijního oboru adiktologie na pozadí vývoje v oblasti závislostního chování v České republice. Dílčím cíle je upozornit na měnící se profil podobně zaměřených studijních programů a startující vlnu zájmu o ně ve světě, včetně vzniku prvních modelových mezinárodních kurikulí pro tento typ studia na univerzitách. Výzkumný soubor tvoří identifikované dokumenty a evaluační studie vztahující se k oboru adiktologie v ČR a související studie zaměřené na tento obor v zahraničí, mající vztah k formování mezinárodních kurikulí. Přestože byl vznik samotného původního konceptu studijního oboru ovlivněn dobovými požadavky poskytovatelů péče, ukázalo se rychle, že dynamika vývoje tohoto oboru překročila uvedený rámec a dala vzniknout zcela originálnímu konceptu studijního oboru pod názvem „pražský model adiktologického studia“. Následnými srovnáními se ukázalo, že podobnou cestou prošly také další země a že mnohé z těchto programů se podobají. Unikátnost tuzemského modelu tkví v jeho konzistentní stavbě a systematickém budování a následném pevném legislativním ukotvení. Současně se ukázala být velmi dobře nastavená vazba mezi tímto oborem a praxí, tj. především poskytovateli péči a dobře zvládnutému institucionálnímu rámci rodícího se nového oboru. Paralelním procesem se pak stalo formování mezinárodní spolupráce univerzit s těmito studijními programy a vznik prvních mezinárodních kurikulí. Česká republika se stala průkopníkem nového modelu studia oboru adiktologie a její model studijního programu na úrovni bakalářského, magisterského a doktorského se stal vzorovým pro rozvoj podobných programů v dalších zemích a pro ukotvení této nové profese v systému péče o osoby se závislostí.
A shortage of appropriately qualified and trained practitioners to staff the emerging addiction services in the 1990s initiated a process which eventually led to the establishment of the health profession of an addictologist in the Czech Republic. In the course of time, this new profession developed into a distinctive and well-acclaimed field of expertise which went beyond its original scope and gave rise to a unique concept of a study programme against the background of an emancipating transdisciplinary field of study. It is intended to address the full scope of relevant topics, ranging from prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation to the process of natural recovery. All aspects of harm reduction strategies and methods are also given significant attention. The Aim was to describe the details of the origin, development, and current status of the study programme in addictology in the context of the addictive behaviour-related developments in the Czech Republic. Another objective is to point out the changing profile of similarly-oriented study programmes and the emerging wave of interest in them internationally, including the development of the first international model curricula for this type of study at universities. The sample comprises retrieved documents and evaluation studies pertaining to the field of addictology in the Czech Republic and related studies on this discipline abroad which address the constitution of international curricula. While the development of the original concept of the discipline was influenced by the requirements of the service providers of the time, it became apparent before long that the dynamics of the development of the field had gone beyond its original scope and given rise to a brand-new concept of a study programme referred to as the “Prague Model of Addiction Studies”. Subsequent comparisons showed that other countries, too, followed a similar path and that many of these programmes were similar. The Czech model is unique in its consistent structure, systematic building, and subsequent legislative grounding. In addition, a firm link between the field of study and practice, especially service providers, and a solid institutional framework for the new field have been established. Finally, in parallel with the domestic efforts, activities aimed at establishing and maintaining networks of international universities offering relevant academic programmes and developing the first international curricula have been pursued. The Czech Republic has pioneered a new model of addiction studies, and its concept of bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral study programmes has become a blueprint for the development of similar programmes and the integration of the new profession within the system of addiction services in other countries.
- MeSH
- adiktologie dějiny organizace a řízení trendy výchova zákonodárství a právo MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
