BACKGROUND: The current war in Ukraine has affected the well-being of people worldwide. In order to understand how difficult the situation is, specific stressors associated with war need to be measured. In response, an inventory of war-related stressors including its short form, has been developed. METHODS: A list of potential war-related stressors was created, and the content validity of each item assessed. The list, along with other validated scales, was administered to a representative sample of the Slovak population (effective N = 1851). Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity analysis and network analysis were carried out to determine the optimal scale (long and short form) focused on war-related stressors. RESULTS: The full version of the scale consists of 21 items, further divided into three factors: society-related stressors, person-related stressors, and security-related stressors. The short version of the scale comprises nine items loaded onto one factor. These items cover concerns for one's safety and future, access to necessities, potential worsening of the economic situation, and the risk of conflict escalation, including a nuclear threat. The results of the network analysis indicate that concern about escalation and fear of an economic crisis play a central role. CONCLUSIONS: The scale attempts to encompass a wide spectrum of areas that are affected by war and its potential consequences on individuals who reside outside the conflict zone. Given the complexity of the issue, researchers are invited to modify the scale, tailoring it to specific cultural, geographical, and temporal contexts.

• MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• strach MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ukrajina MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic and its related restrictions, mainly social distancing, had an impact on the mental health of various groups, including adolescents. METHODS: The main goal of our study was to explore the impact of gender, age, resilience (measured using the Brief Resilience Scale), attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance (both measured using the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised Scale for adolescents), and mental and general health (measured using items of SF-8 Health Survey) on COVID anxiety (measured using the COVID Anxiety Scale) among a sample of Slovak adolescents (N = 1,786, age 15 to 19, mean age = 16.8, SD = 1.2). The data were collected online between 13 April and 24 May 2021. RESULTS: Four nested linear regression models were fitted to the data and evaluated. The significant predictors that had a greater effect than our smallest effect size of interest (β = 0.10) were gender (β = -0.26, p < 0.001, where boys had lower scores in COVID anxiety), general and mental health (β = -0.13 and β = -0.14, respectively, both with p < 0.001), resilience (β = -0.12, p < 0.001), and attachment avoidance (β = -0.11, p < 0.001). Similarly, age and attachment anxiety were significant predictors with a lower effect size (β = 0.06, p = 0.003, and β = 0.09, p < 0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION: Our results are in line with previous research findings highlighting the importance of prevention and interventions programs focused mainly on preventing loneliness and social disconnection, fostering secure attachment with parents and peers, and increasing the resilience of adolescents, especially in the stressful time of a pandemic, to promote their mental health.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Despite negative connotations, surviving trauma can result in improvements in some domains of a person's life. This phenomenon is known as posttraumatic growth (PTG), and it is typically measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Given the ambiguous results of the existing validation studies, the present study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the PTGI in a representative sample of Slovak citizens. Although the results suggest that a modified one-factor structure fit the data best, other issues, such as extremely high correlations between the latent factors related to the PTGI's factor structure, were observed. It is likely that the application of the latent variable model does not represent the essence of PTG adequately and the network approach thus appears to be a far more suitable conceptualization of PTG. More detailed information on between-person differences and within-person changes in PTG could help to tailor more effective interventions or preventive programs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study was focused on verifying the factor structure of the shortened version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) on a representative sample of adult Slovak citizens (N = 1018, 49% men, age 18-85 years, and mean age 46.2). The shortened version of the SWBS consists of 10 items divided into two subscales: religious well-being (RWB) and existential well-being (EWB). Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed insufficient parameters of the full two-factor model due to three negatively formulated items. After their exclusion, the two-factor model was found to be valid in the Slovakian population (χ (13) = 53.1, p < 0.001, χ2/df = 4.1, CFI = 0.999, TLI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.055, and SRMR = 0.028). The reliability of the final version of the SWBS-Sk, consisting of seven positively worded items, is high, with α = 0.86 and ω = 0.94. Religious respondents and women scored significantly higher on the whole scale (p = 0.001) as well as on the two subscales (p < 0.05). A higher age was associated with a higher RWB score (p = 0.001) and a lower EWB score (p = 0.002). The shortened version of the SWBS-Sk consisting of positively worded items was found to be valid and reliable for further use in the Slovak environment.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychometrie * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Long-stay institutions have been considerably affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the mental health of clients and staff as well as quality and safety of care in long-stay institutions during the state-of-emergency in the Czech Republic in response to COVID-19 pandemic. We found a high prevalence of poor mental health outcomes in clients (46% poor well-being, 58% depression, 45% anxiety) and staff (17% poor well-being, 22% depression, 14% anxiety). In clients, COVID-19 health-related and economic worries were associated with depression (1.79, 95% CI = 1.14; 2.8 and 2.28, 95% CI = 1.27; 4.08 respectively) and anxiety (1.63, 95% CI = 1.11; 2.4 and 1.85, 95% CI = 1.2; 2.85 respectively) and in staff with any mental health outcome (1.92, 95% CI = 1.33; 2.77 and 1.75, 95% CI = 1.15; 2.66 respectively). Lack of information and communication from authorities, lack of protective equipment and logistic difficulties were reported as challenges. Delivery of care was mostly disrupted as well as admission and discharge processes. Other reported issues included lack of staff, lack of activities for patients or an increase in usage of restrictive measures. Best practices and key future measures were identified by each institution, a summary of which is presented in the article.

• MeSH
• bezpečnost pacientů * MeSH
• COVID-19 * epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• deprese epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy * epidemiologie   MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ubytovací zařízení MeSH
• úzkost epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Úvod: Výskyt porúch užívania látok a závislostí od látok je v SR pomerne častý, podobne aj v iných krajinách Európy. Závislosťou trpia približne 2 % celkovej populácie. Prevalencia traumatických udalostí v bežnej populácii je tiež častá, v skupine ľudí s poruchou užívania látok je ale ešte významne častejšia. Vzhľadom na častejší výskyt tráum v životoch týchto ľudí, sú aj skupinou, pri ktorej je častejší rozvoj posttraumatickej stresovej poruchy (PTSP). Neliečená a nespracovaná trauma a rozvinutá PTSP môže výrazne narušiť liečbu samotnej poruchy užívania látok alebo závislosti a znížiť jej efektivitu. Vzhľadom na to bolo hlavným cieľom práce zistiť, či sa ľudia s diagnostikovaným syndrómom závislosti (od alkoholu a iných psychoaktívnych látok) líšia v častosti zažívania stresujúcich a traumatických udalostí od bežnej populácie Slovenska. Metódy: Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 51 ľudí (dg F10 – N=34; dg F11-F19 – N=l7) v rámci ktorej bolo 38 mužov a 13 žien. Využitý bol Dotazník životných stresorov (LSC-R), pričom sme ľudí so syndrómom závislosti porovnávali s reprezentatívnou vzorkou dospelej populácie Slovenska (N=1018) v niekoľkých ukazovateľoch: (1) sumárne skóre životných stresorov, (2) skóre interpersonálneho násilia, (3) skóre prežitých traumatických zážitkov do 16 rokov a (4) skóre traumatickej záťaže. Výsledky: Na základe výsledkov môžeme povedať, že ľudia so syndrómom závislosti dosahovali vo všetkých štyroch sledovaných skóre signifikantne vyššie výsledky. Medzi skupinou ľudí so závislosťou od alkoholu (N=34) a od iných psychoaktívnych látok (N=17) sme nepozorovali signifikantné rozdiely. Záver: Ľudia so závislosťou prežívajú v porovnaní s bežnou populáciou signifikantne viac stresujúcich udalostí, vrátane včasného stresu prežívaného do 16 roku života. Dosahujú tiež významne vyššie hodnoty v rámci celkovej traumatickej záťaže, čo by mohlo byť spojené spolu so včasnou traumatizáciou aj so zvýšeným rizikom rozvoja posttraumatickej stresovej poruchy (PTSP). Podľa dostupných údajov z výskumov sa PTSP u ľudí s poruchou užívania látok vyskytuje približne 3x viac než u kontrol. V bežnom klinickom posúdení pacienta so závislosťou často diagnóza PTSP uniká pozornosti.

Introduction: The prevalence of substance use disorder or addiction is relatively high in Slovakia and other European countries. Overall, about 2 % of the population suffers from addiction. The prevalence of trauma tie events in the general population is common, but in the group of people suffering from addiction it is even more frequent. Due to the more frequent occurrence of trauma in the lives of these people, they are also a group in which the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more frequent. Untreated and unprocessed trauma and advanced PTSD can significantly impair the treatment of substance use or addiction and reduce its effectiveness. Given this, the main goal of the research was to explore if people with diagnosed addiction (to alcohol or other psychoactive substances) differ from the general population of Slovak citizens in the frequency of exposure to stressful and traumatic life events. Methods: The research sample consisted of 51 people (dg F10 - N= 43; dg F11-F19 - N=l7), including 38 men and 13 women. The Life Stressors Checklist (LSC-R) was used to compare people with addiction syndrome with a representative sample of the adults population of Slovakia (N = 1018) in several indicators: (1) summary scoress of life stressors, (2) score of interpersonal violence, (3) score of survived traumatic experiences up to 16 years of age and (4) scores of traumatic stress. Results: Based on the results, we can say that people with addiction syndrome achieved significantly higher results in all four scores. No significant differences were observed between the group of people with alcohol addiction (N = 34) and other psychoactive substances (N =17). Conclusion: People with addiction experience significantly more stressful events than the general population, including early stress experienced by the age of 16. They also achieve a significantly higher score within the overall traumatic stress, which could be associated with early trauma and an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to available research data, PTSD occurs approximately three times more in people with addiction than in the general population. Although in a routine clinical assessment of the patient, the diagnosis of PTSD often escapes attention.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychické trauma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH