Despite widespread and prolonged use of adult novelties, their health safety is not regularly tested or legally regulated. In the EU, adult novelties are subjected to the General Product Safety Directive, placing the burden of proof regarding safe products onto the manufacturers. The aim of our pilot study was to expand knowledge on potential application of in vitro methods for hazard prediction of extracts from final products. We subjected extracts of 20 adult novelties, purchased on the Czech market to toxicological tests including NRU cytotoxicity assay, sensitization tests DPRA and LuSens and the YES/YAS endocrine assay. Four samples produced cytotoxicity. Sensitization potential was recorded by DPRA (three samples) while the LuSens reported ten samples. Regarding endocrine disruption, three samples produced antiestrogen and antiandrogen effects. Six samples exhibited androgenic potential and one sample showed estrogenic potential. Positive results with possible health effects were recorded repeatedly for samples made of ABS, PVC and latex. The study has confirmed promising usefulness of our test methods combination with regard to safety testing of this type of consumer products. The results should be evaluated with care, however, the data bring added-value to the limited knowledge of mixture toxicology and are indicative for further testing.
- MeSH
- buňky BALB 3T3 MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory toxicita MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- hra a hračky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- plastické hmoty toxicita MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- sexuální chování účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů normy MeSH
- techniky in vitro metody MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the phototoxicity of bergamot oil obtained from four different suppliers. Spectral and chemical analyses were performed to identify presence of photoactive compounds in the test samples. The phototoxicity was assessed in vitro by the 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test (PT) and subsequently in a phototoxicity test on reconstructed human skin model (H3D PT). Confirmatory photopatch tests in a group of volunteers were performed using the first non-phototoxic concentration determined in the H3D PT. The spectral and chemical analyses revealed, that two samples of bergamot oil exhibited a potential for photoactivation. These oils were subsequently classified as phototoxic in the 3T3 NRU PT, however, only on the basis of borderline results and depending on the solvent used. H3D PT revealed clear classifications, correlating well with the findings of spectral and chemical analysis. The test was, however, not yet capable of precise prediction of safe, non-phototoxic concentrations. Additional endpoints, e.g. interleukin determination might be employed to increase the sensitivity of the test. Although the study showed the usefulness of the tiered testing strategy, currently, the extrapolation of in vitro results to human situation may be performed only to a limited extent.
- MeSH
- buňky BALB 3T3 MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fototoxická dermatitida etiologie MeSH
- kůže chemie účinky léků MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- náplasťové testy metody MeSH
- neutrální červeň metabolismus MeSH
- oleje rostlin toxicita MeSH
- rozpouštědla chemie MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
