- MeSH
- fluor MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nukleární magnetická rezonance biomolekulární metody MeSH
- nukleové kyseliny * MeSH
- sondy nukleových kyselin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
New open-chain and water-soluble hypervalent iodine reagents were synthesized and used for the transfer of fluoroalkyl groups to sulfur atoms of cysteine and cysteine-containing peptides under biocompatible conditions. Some of the reagents displayed excellent reactivity despite their limited stability in aqueous media. In reactions with a short cysteine-containing peptide, in addition to the expected S-fluoroalkylated product, a range of side-products were obtained. The amount of side-products depended on the conditions used (type of reagent, concentration, and pH). With highly activated hypervalent iodine reagents, a new reactive mode was observed - reaction with disulfides to form fluoroalkyl thiols.
- MeSH
- alkylace MeSH
- fluorované uhlovodíky chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- indikátory a reagencie chemická syntéza chemie MeSH
- jod chemie MeSH
- molekulární struktura MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- sulfhydrylové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Automatic voice assessment is often performed using sustained vowels. In contrast, speech analysis of read-out texts can be applied to voice and speech assessment. Automatic speech recognition and prosodic analysis were used to find regression formulae between automatic and perceptual assessment of four voice and four speech criteria. The regression was trained with 21 men and 62 women (average age 49.2 years) and tested with another set of 24 men and 49 women (48.3 years), all suffering from chronic hoarseness. They read the text 'Der Nordwind und die Sonne' ('The North Wind and the Sun'). Five voice and speech therapists evaluated the data on 5-point Likert scales. Ten prosodic and recognition accuracy measures (features) were identified which describe all the examined criteria. Inter-rater correlation within the expert group was between r = 0.63 for the criterion 'match of breath and sense units' and r = 0.87 for the overall voice quality. Human-machine correlation was between r = 0.40 for the match of breath and sense units and r = 0.82 for intelligibility. The perceptual ratings of different criteria were highly correlated with each other. Likewise, the feature sets modeling the criteria were very similar. The automatic method is suitable for assessing chronic hoarseness in general and for subgroups of functional and organic dysphonia. In its current version, it is almost as reliable as a randomly picked rater from a group of voice and speech therapists.
- MeSH
- akustika řeči * MeSH
- akustika MeSH
- chrapot diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- čtení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita hlasu * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření tvorby řeči metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu * MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rozpoznávání automatizované * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- support vector machine MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Due to low intra- and interrater reliability, perceptual voice evaluation should be supported by objective, automatic methods. In this study, text-based, computer-aided prosodic analysis and measurements of connected speech were combined in order to model perceptual evaluation of the German Roughness-Breathiness-Hoarseness (RBH) scheme. 58 connected speech samples (43 women and 15 men; 48.7 ± 17.8 years) containing the German version of the text "The North Wind and the Sun" were evaluated perceptually by 19 speech and voice therapy students according to the RBH scale. For the human-machine correlation, Support Vector Regression with measurements of the vocal fold cycle irregularities (CFx) and the closed phases of vocal fold vibration (CQx) of the Laryngograph and 33 features from a prosodic analysis module were used to model the listeners' ratings. The best human-machine results for roughness were obtained from a combination of six prosodic features and CFx (r = 0.71, ρ = 0.57). These correlations were approximately the same as the interrater agreement among human raters (r = 0.65, ρ = 0.61). CQx was one of the substantial features of the hoarseness model. For hoarseness and breathiness, the human-machine agreement was substantially lower. Nevertheless, the automatic analysis method can serve as the basis for a meaningful objective support for perceptual analysis.
- MeSH
- chrapot diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kvalita hlasu * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- percepce řeči MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu * MeSH
- poruchy hlasu diagnóza MeSH
- řeč * MeSH
- řečová terapie MeSH
- regresní analýza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- software MeSH
- zvuková spektrografie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
