Obezita nie je už problémom len dospelých, ale aj detí. V súčasnosti detská obezita predstavuje celosvetový problém. Väčšina obéznych detí zostáva obéznymi aj v dospelosti. Neustály nárast nadhmotnosti a obezity u detí vyvoláva obavy z možných následkov tohto trendu na zdravotný stav populácie. WHO označila obezitu za najväčší zdravotný problém na celom svete a varuje pred globálnou epidémiou. Jedným z ukazovateľov negatívneho ovplyvnenia zdravotného stavu obezitou je výskyt metabolického syndrómu. Metabolický syndróm zahŕňa skupinu faktorov, ktorých prítomnosť zvyšuje pravdepodobnosť vzniku ochorení kardiovaskulárneho systému v danej populácii (tzv. kardiovaskulárne riziko). Tieto rizikové faktory sú jednak spojené s výskytom kardiovaskulárnych ochorení ako aj s výskytom diabetes 2. typu. Vo viscerálnych adipocytoch dôjde k nadmernému nahromadeniu tuku, v dôsledku toho je narušená ich funkčnosť a to je podstatou metabolického syndrómu. Metabolický syndróm sa u detí a adolescentov spája s nezdravým životným štýlom, nedostatočnou fyzickou aktivitou a nadmerným energetickým príjmom. Z toho vyplýva, že najoptimálnejšim riešením daného stavu je zamerať sa na úpravu životného štýlu, motivovať deti ku zvýšeniu fyzickej aktivity a úprave stravovacích návykov s cieľom znížiť energetický príjem a celkovo zlepšiť kvalitu výživy. Takto je možné znížiť výskyt obezity, ako aj s ňou spojeného metabolického syndrómu a následných zdravotných komplikácií. Práca ako súborný referát poukazuje na epidemiológiu, diagnostické kritériá a mechanizmus vzniku metabolického syndrómu. Taktiež poukazuje na rizikové faktory životného štýlu, akými sú najmä fyzická aktivita, stravovanie a ich vzájomná kombinácia.
Obesity is not a problem restricted to the adult population anymore, it does equally affect among childe and adolescents. Nowadays child obesity is a global problem in developed countries. Persistent increase in overweight and obesity in children has raised concern about the related negative impact of this trend on the general health of the population. One of the markers of this impact is the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome includes a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, indicating increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by dysfunction of visceral adipocytes caused by excessive intracellular accumulation of lipids. Metabolic syndrome is in children and adolescents linked to an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of or inadequate physical activity and excess of calories in the diet. It is obvious that an optimal solution would be to address the lifestyle, motivate to increase physical activity and of exercise programs in children and to improve the quality of the diet particularly by reducing excessive caloric intake. This way it would be possible to reduce the incidence of obesity, obesity linked metabolic syndrome and its negative health impact and related health complications. In this paper as a literature overview, are discussed epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and the pathological mechanism of the development of the metabolic syndrome. This work highlights also lifestyle risk factors, such as the level and the type of physical activity (or lack of it) and type of diet and the combination of the two.
Obezita nie je už problémom len dospelých, ale aj detí. V súčasnosti detská obezita predstavuje celosvetový problém. Väčšina obéznych detí zostáva obéznymi aj v dospelosti. Neustály nárast nadhmotnosti a obezity u detí vyvoláva obavy z možných následkov tohto trendu na zdravotný stav populácie. WHO označila obezitu za najväčší zdravotný problém na celom svete a varuje pred globálnou epidémiou. Jedným z ukazovateľov negatívneho ovplyvnenia zdravotného stavu obezitou je výskyt metabolického syndrómu. Metabolický syndróm zahŕňa skupinu faktorov, ktorých prítomnosť zvyšuje pravdepodobnosť vzniku ochorení kardiovaskulárneho systému v danej populácii (tzv. kardiovaskulárne riziko). Tieto rizikové faktory sú jednak spojené s výskytom kardiovaskulárnych ochorení ako aj s výskytom diabetes 2. typu. Vo viscerálnych adipocytoch dôjde k nadmernému nahromadeniu tuku, v dôsledku toho je narušená ich funkčnosť a to je podstatou metabolického syndrómu. Metabolický syndróm sa u detí a adolescentov spája s nezdravým životným štýlom, nedostatočnou fyzickou aktivitou a nadmerným energetickým príjmom. Z toho vyplýva, že najoptimálnejšim riešením daného stavu je zamerať sa na úpravu životného štýlu, motivovať deti ku zvýšeniu fyzickej aktivity a úprave stravovacích návykov s cieľom znížiť energetický príjem a celkovo zlepšiť kvalitu výživy. Takto je možné znížiť výskyt obezity, ako aj s ňou spojeného metabolického syndrómu a následných zdravotných komplikácií. Práca ako súborný referát poukazuje na epidemiológiu, diagnostické kritériá a mechanizmus vzniku metabolického syndrómu. Taktiež poukazuje na rizikové faktory životného štýlu, akými sú najmä fyzická aktivita, stravovanie a ich vzájomná kombinácia.
Obesity is not a problem restricted to the adult population anymore, it does equally affect among childe and adolescents. Nowadays child obesity is a global problem in developed countries. Persistent increase in overweight and obesity in children has raised concern about the related negative impact of this trend on the general health of the population. One of the markers of this impact is the occurrence of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome includes a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, indicating increased risk of future cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by dysfunction of visceral adipocytes caused by excessive intracellular accumulation of lipids. Metabolic syndrome is in children and adolescents linked to an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of or inadequate physical activity and excess of calories in the diet. It is obvious that an optimal solution would be to address the lifestyle, motivate to increase physical activity and of exercise programs in children and to improve the quality of the diet particularly by reducing excessive caloric intake. This way it would be possible to reduce the incidence of obesity, obesity linked metabolic syndrome and its negative health impact and related health complications. In this paper as a literature overview, are discussed epidemiology, diagnostic criteria and the pathological mechanism of the development of the metabolic syndrome. This work highlights also lifestyle risk factors, such as the level and the type of physical activity (or lack of it) and type of diet and the combination of the two.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu prevence a kontrola MeSH
- fyziologie výživy mladistvých MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolický syndrom * diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * diagnóza etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic long-term disease with autoimmune disorder connected to an allergic reaction to the molecule of gluten. CD is manifested in persons who are genetically predisposed. The only therapy for CD is a strong gluten-free (GF) diet. The aim of our study was to follow the adherence to the gluten-free diet in the selected group of parents and caregivers of children with CD, and to compare factors influencing the adherence to GF diet and therefore influencing also clinical symptoms of CD. We compared and examined important food-related activities as well, by using a personal questionnaire in the group of CD children's parents or caregivers. METHODS: We designed a cross-sectional study; 325 parents or caregivers of children with CD were recruited in the sample. CD was confirmed by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) criteria. The anonymous questionnaires were collected at summer camps within period data 2012-2016 and followed factors which might have an influence on compliance with GF diet, according to parents' opinions. RESULTS: Adherence to GF diet was statistically significantly higher among girls compared to boys. Parents' questionnaires confirmed that younger group of children and children with the family history of CD had statistically higher compliance with GF diet. Parents with higher education confirmed better adherence to GF diet, statistical analyses confirmed higher adherence in mother´s education compared to father's education. Duration of CD, socio-demographic factors of parents - age of parent, gender of parent, and residency were not statistically significant in terms of compliance with the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed important factors influencing adherence to the GF diet, which are connected to the symptoms and consequences of CD. The assessment of parents' opinions and burden on the families of children with celiac disease should be also reflected in the evaluation of patient's status. Important is also the role of parents in order to facilitate and support clinical interventions and prevention of CD.
- MeSH
- adherence pacienta psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- bezlepková dieta * psychologie MeSH
- celiakie dietoterapie psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gluteny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rodiče psychologie MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the cross-sectional study was to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors in the group of medical students with gender, overweight and obesity categorisation. METHODS: Cross-sectional study included 364 medical students, 207 females and 157 males. We investigated anthropometric parameters, BMI, body fat percentage, WHR (waist-hip ratio), TCH (total cholesterol) and LDL-CH (LDL-cholesterol), SBP and DBP (systolic and diastolic blood pressure). The participants also completed questionnaires with socio-demographic characteristic, including smoking, unhealthy eating, self-perceived health, and physical activity status. Statistical analysis used t-test differences in arithmetic means and OR calculation with 95% CI. RESULTS: Prevalence of increased blood pressure (> SBP/DBP 120/80 mmHg) among participants was 10.99% (SBP) and 9.07% (DBP). The results confirmed risk of "overweight + obesity" in 15.38% (using BMI evaluation) versus 18.54% cases (using body fat percentage evaluation). The results of the study confirmed statistically higher risk for males compared to females in the following parameters: SBP, DBP, BMI, body fat percentage, self-perceived health, unhealthy eating and body weight watching. "Overweight and obesity" group (BMI evaluation) confirmed all factors on statistically significant level a risky group: SBP, DBP, body fat percentage, TCH, self-perceived health, smoking, stress at university, and body weight watching. The outputs confirmed, on the other hand, low amount of clinical obesity (0.8%), clinical hypertension (BP > 140/90) 1.1%, and clinically higher cholesterol level (TCH > 5.2 mmol/l) in 8.7% participants. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed higher prevalence or cardiovascular risk factors among males. Also, group of "overweight and obese" students had higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors. Border limits for risk evaluation were strong, so on clinical level we can evaluate the group of medical students as healthy. In the group of young medical students, we confirmed lower frequency of risk factors compared to the Slovak population average.
- MeSH
- HDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- LDL-cholesterol krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- studenti lékařství statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná konstituce fyziologie MeSH
- životní styl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Although the association between anthropometric parameters and blood pressure has been established for adults, the relationship for children has not been thoroughly studied in Slovakia. Present study investigates the association between anthropometric parameters and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the group of randomly selected schoolchildren. METHODS: Examinations were conducted as a cross-sectional study with 760 schoolchildren from Eastern Slovakia, 381 boys and 379 girls. The blood pressure evaluation included sphygmomanometer technique (seated, 3 times repeated) measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP; DBP). Anthropometric measurements included: body weight, height, circumference of waist, hip and chest, BMI, WHR (waist-hip ratio), fat skinfolds measurement, triceps skinfold, and derivation of body fat percentage. The parents' questionnaires incorporated basic demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the family, reported BMI of father and mother, and child's birth-weight and birth-length. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test gender differences in measured parameters, partial Pearson's correlations and linear regression model of the impact of body parameters Z-scores on SBP and DPB. RESULTS: Statistical analysis confirmed gender difference in basic anthropometric parameters. Pearson's correlations revealed highly significant relationship of anthropometric indices to SBP compared to DBP. Correlations of anthropometric parameters with SBP and DPB were more significant for boys compared to girls. Linear regression analysis showed that the highest impact on SBP and DBP had Z-score of BMI, followed by weight and height. Z-score of body weight has statistical impact on SBP and DBP in all group and group of boys (p < 0.001), lower significance was in DBP of girls (p < 0.01). Similar results were obtained for Z-score of height and BMI for SBP and DBP in both total group and group of boys on level p < 0.001. Z-score for BMI and height in DBP has lower statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Linear regression model confirmed higher statistical relationship of SBP and DBP in the group of boys compared to the group of girls. SBP correlations and linear regression model of anthropometric parameters revealed more significant outputs compared to DPB. The results confirmed the fact that we have to consider anthropometric indices in paediatric blood pressure evaluation.
- MeSH
- antropometrie MeSH
- diastola fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie MeSH
- poměr pasu a boků MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- systola fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost * MeSH
- tělesná konstituce MeSH
- tělesná výška * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
