Chlorované parafíny jsou relativně novou a stále nedostatečně prozkoumanou skupinou kontaminantů životního prostředí. Chlorované parafíny s krátkým uhlíkatým řetězcem řadíme od roku 2017 na seznam perzistentních organických polutantů. Použití těchto forem je tedy v průmyslu regulováno. Nicméně chlorované parafíny se středním či dlouhým řetězcem, které disponují velice podobnými fyzikálně‐ ‐chemickými vlastnostmi, jsou doposud používány a jejich produkce i konzumace převážně v oblasti Číny strmě vzrůstá. Chlorované parafíny mají schopnost bioakumulace ve tkáních a mohou též ovlivňovat buněčný metabolismus. Se svým nízkým stupněm biotransfor‐ mace představují bezprostřední hrozbu pro lidské zdraví.
Chlorinated paraffins are a relatively new and still understudied component of environmental contaminants. Chlorinated paraffins with a short carbon chain have been included in the list of persistent organic pollutants since 2017. The use of these forms is therefore regu‐ lated in the industry. However, chlorinated paraffins with a medium or long chain, which have very similar physico‐chemical properties, are still used and their production and consumption, mainly in the area of China, is increasing steeply. Chlorinated paraffins have the ability to bioaccumulate in tissues and can also affect cellular metabolism. With their low degree of biotransformation, they represent the closest threat to human health.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parafín * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Myokines represent important regulators of muscle metabolism. Our study aimed to explore the effects of a cyclical ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young males on serum concentrations of myokines and their potential role in changes in physical fitness. Twenty-five subjects undergoing regular resistance/aerobic training were randomized to the CKD (n = 13) or RD (n = 12) groups. Anthropometric and spiroergometric parameters, muscle strength, biochemical parameters, and serum concentrations of myokines and cytokines were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Both diets reduced body weight, body fat, and BMI. Muscle strength and endurance performance were improved only by RD. Increased musclin (32.9 pg/mL vs. 74.5 pg/mL, p = 0.028) and decreased osteonectin levels (562 pg/mL vs. 511 pg/mL, p = 0.023) were observed in RD but not in the CKD group. In contrast, decreased levels of FGF21 (181 pg/mL vs. 86.4 pg/mL, p = 0.003) were found in the CKD group only. Other tested myokines and cytokines were not significantly affected by the intervention. Our data suggest that changes in systemic osteonectin and musclin levels could contribute to improved muscle strength and endurance performance and partially explain the differential effects of CKD and RD on physical fitness.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- ketogenní dieta * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink * MeSH
- osteonektin MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- složení těla fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
(1) Background: C1q TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. In our study, we explored changes in serum CTRP3 and its gene expression in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) undergoing elective cardiac surgery. (2) Methods: SAT, EAT, and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery from 34 patients: (i) 11 without CAD or T2DM, (ii) 14 with CAD and without T2DM, and (iii) 9 with both CAD and T2DM. mRNA levels of CTRP3 were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Circulating levels of CTRP3 and other factors were measured using ELISA and Luminex Multiplex commercial kits. (3) Results: Baseline plasma levels of TNF-α and IL6 did not differ among the groups and increased at the end of surgery. Baseline circulating levels of CTRP3 did not differ among the groups and decreased after surgery. In contrast, baseline CTRP3 mRNA levels in EAT were significantly decreased in CAD/T2DM group, while no differences were found for TNF-α and IL6 gene expression. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggest that decreased EAT mRNA levels of CTRP3 could contribute to higher risk of atherosclerosis in patients with CAD and T2DM.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace genetika chirurgie MeSH
- interleukin-6 metabolismus MeSH
- kardiochirurgické výkony * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace genetika chirurgie MeSH
- perikard metabolismus MeSH
- TNF-alfa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- tuková tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Type 2 diabetes mellitus represents a major health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. Limited efficacy of current therapies has prompted a search for novel therapeutic options. Here we show that treatment of pre-diabetic mice with mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen, a potential anti-cancer agent with senolytic activity, improves glucose tolerance and reduces body weight with most pronounced reduction of visceral adipose tissue due to reduced food intake, suppressed adipogenesis and elimination of senescent cells. Glucose-lowering effect of mitochondrially targeted tamoxifen is linked to improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus-related hormones profile and is accompanied by reduced lipid accumulation in liver. Lower senescent cell burden in various tissues, as well as its inhibitory effect on pre-adipocyte differentiation, results in lower level of circulating inflammatory mediators that typically enhance metabolic dysfunction. Targeting senescence with mitochodrially targeted tamoxifen thus represents an approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related comorbidities, promising a complex impact on senescence-related pathologies in aging population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with potential translation into the clinic.
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- experimentální diabetes mellitus * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- obezita komplikace farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tamoxifen farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Rakovinná onemocnění jsou velkým problémem dnešní doby. Ve srovnání se zdravými se rakovinné buňky vyznačují pozměněným metabolismem s vysokými požadavky na energetický přísun. V energetickém metabolismu (nejen) rakovinných buněk hraje podstatnou roli NAD jako přenašeč elektronů v oxidačně‑redukčních reakcích, ale i jako substrát enzymů SIRTs a PARPs. Tyto enzymy se účastní re‑ gulačních procesů zahrnující kovalentních modifikací proteinů, replikace a transkripce DNA, oprav DNA a řízení buněčného cyklu a apo‑ ptózy. Zde je NAD spotřebováván za vzniku nikotinamidu. Pro většinu savčích buněk, zvláště pak rakovinných je proto nezbytná možnost biosyntézy NAD z nikotinamidu. V této biosyntéze hraje nezastupitelnou úlohu nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa (Nampt). Je totiž en‑ zymem katalyzujícím rychlost určující krok této biosyntézy. Díky tomu se nabízí inhibice Nampt jako vhodná možnost pro léčbu rakoviny.
Nowadays, cancer is a big problem for society. Compared to healthy cells, cancer cells are characterized by altered metabolism with high energy intake requirements. In the energy metabolism of (not only) cancer cells, NAD plays an essential role as an electron carrier in oxidation reduction reactions, but also as a substrate for SIRTs and PARPs. These enzymes are involved in regulatory processes including covalent protein modifications, DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair and cell cycle control and apoptosis. Here, NAD is con‑ sumed, producing nicotinamide. NAD biosynthesis from nicotinamide is therefore essential for most mammalian cells, especially cancer cells. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) plays an irreplaceable role in this biosynthesis. It is an enzyme catalyzing the rate‑determining step of this biosynthesis. As a result, inhibition of Nampt is offered as a suitable option for cancer treatment.
