Myokines represent important regulators of muscle metabolism. Our study aimed to explore the effects of a cyclical ketogenic reduction diet (CKD) vs. a nutritionally balanced reduction diet (RD) combined with regular resistance/aerobic training in healthy young males on serum concentrations of myokines and their potential role in changes in physical fitness. Twenty-five subjects undergoing regular resistance/aerobic training were randomized to the CKD (n = 13) or RD (n = 12) groups. Anthropometric and spiroergometric parameters, muscle strength, biochemical parameters, and serum concentrations of myokines and cytokines were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. Both diets reduced body weight, body fat, and BMI. Muscle strength and endurance performance were improved only by RD. Increased musclin (32.9 pg/mL vs. 74.5 pg/mL, p = 0.028) and decreased osteonectin levels (562 pg/mL vs. 511 pg/mL, p = 0.023) were observed in RD but not in the CKD group. In contrast, decreased levels of FGF21 (181 pg/mL vs. 86.4 pg/mL, p = 0.003) were found in the CKD group only. Other tested myokines and cytokines were not significantly affected by the intervention. Our data suggest that changes in systemic osteonectin and musclin levels could contribute to improved muscle strength and endurance performance and partially explain the differential effects of CKD and RD on physical fitness.
- MeSH
- chronická renální insuficience * MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- ketogenní dieta * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odporový trénink * MeSH
- osteonektin MeSH
- redukční dieta MeSH
- složení těla fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Osteoblasts orchestrate bone formation through the secretion of type I collagen and other constituents of the matrix on which hydroxyapatite crystals mineralize. Here, we show that TENT5A, whose mutations were found in congenital bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta patients, is a cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase playing a crucial role in regulating bone mineralization. Direct RNA sequencing revealed that TENT5A is induced during osteoblast differentiation and polyadenylates mRNAs encoding Col1α1, Col1α2, and other secreted proteins involved in osteogenesis, increasing their expression. We postulate that TENT5A, possibly together with its paralog TENT5C, is responsible for the wave of cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNAs encoding secreted proteins occurring during bone mineralization. Importantly, the Tent5a knockout (KO) mouse line displays bone fragility and skeletal hypomineralization phenotype resulting from quantitative and qualitative collagen defects. Thus, we report a biologically relevant posttranscriptional regulator of collagen production and, more generally, bone formation.
- MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- fyziologická kalcifikace genetika MeSH
- kolagen typu I, řetězec alfa 1 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kolagen typu I genetika metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši knockoutované MeSH
- myši MeSH
- neurotrofní faktory genetika metabolismus MeSH
- nukleotidyltransferasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- oční proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- osteoblasty metabolismus patologie MeSH
- osteogenesis imperfecta genetika metabolismus patologie MeSH
- osteogeneze genetika MeSH
- osteonektin genetika metabolismus MeSH
- poly(A)-polymerasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- polyadenylace MeSH
- protein - isoformy nedostatek genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
- serpiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: Current diagnostics of bone metastatic disease is not satisfactory for early detection or regular process monitoring. The combination of biomarkers and the multiparametric approach was described as effective in other oncology diagnoses. The aim of the study was to improve the difference diagnostics between bone-metastatic disease and solid tumors using mutivariate logistic regression model. METHODS: We assessed the group of 131 patients with the following diagnoses: prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. According to the results of scintigraphy, the cohort was divided into 2 groups based on the occurrence of bone metastases. Group 0 was a control group of 75 patients with no signs of bone metastases and group 1 included 56 patients with bone metastases. RESULTS: We used stepwise selection multivariate logistic regression for choosing the multimarker formula for calculation of risk score for bone metastases diagnostics. For detection of bone metastasis, it was shown to be most effective measurement of 3 biomarkers: procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, growth differentiation factor-15, and osteonectin and combining with calculation of risk score by designating measured concentrations in mathematical formula: bone risk score = procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide × 0.0500 + growth differentiation factor-15 × 1.4179 + osteonectin × 0.00555. CONCLUSION: We identified growth differentiation factor-15 as the best individual marker for bone metastasis diagnostics. The best formula for risk score includes levels of 3 biomarkers-procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, growth differentiation factor-15, and osteonectin. The new score has better performance described by higher area under the curve than individual biomarkers. A further study is necessary to confirm these findings incorporating a larger number of patients.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery metabolismus MeSH
- nádory kostí metabolismus patologie sekundární MeSH
- osteonektin metabolismus MeSH
- radioisotopová scintigrafie metody MeSH
- růstový diferenciační faktor 15 metabolismus MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Východiska: Duktální adenokarcinom pankreatu je vysoce agresivní onemocnění s celkovým 5letým přežitím nepřesahujícím 5 %. V ČR má incidence tohoto nádoru vzestupný trend, dle posledních statistik již patříme celosvětově na první místo ve výskytu této malignity. Pro toto onemocnění je typická pozdní diagnostika vzhledem k asymptomatickému průběhu nemoci v časném stadiu. Cíl: Cílem tohoto článku je podat přehled o nejvýznamnějších faktorech, které dle současných znalostí u adenokarcinomu pankreatu mají prognostický a prediktivní potenciál. Práce popisuje jednak tradiční prognostické faktory, jako je resekabilita nádoru, jeho rozsah a lokalizace, aplikace adjuvantní chemoterapie, mikroskopicky pozitivní resekční okraj, přítomnost metastáz v lymfatických uzlinách, histologický grading, vaskulární a perineurální invaze. Dále uvádí celou řadu různých biologických markerů, které by mohly přispět k včasné detekci nádoru, lepší prognóze a k optimalizaci léčby, např. hENT1 (human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1), SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein), AGR2, Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67, COX-2 a další. Zmíněny jsou rovněž genové alterace a význam mikroRNA. Závěr: I přes velké úsilí, které bylo věnováno výzkumu biologických markerů, zatím jediný klinicky akceptovaný a v klinice používaný zůstává nádorový marker CA 19-9. Jeho využití je především u pacientů s již diagnostikovaným adenokarcinomem pankreatu. Velká pozornost je v poslední době zaměřena na další potenciální biomarkery, jejich zavedení do klinické praxe bude ale ještě vyžadovat další výzkum.
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive disease with 5-year overall survival not exceeding 5%. In the Czech Republic, the incidence of this tumor has been increasing; according to recent statistics, the Czech Republic is already number one worldwide in the occurrence of this malignancy. Delayed diagnosis due to asymptomatic course of the disease in the early stages is characteristic for this disease. Aim: The objective of this article is to give an overview of the most important factors, which according to current knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma have a prognostic and predictive potential. This work describes both traditional prognostic factors, such as tumor resectability, its extent and localization, application of adjuvant chemotherapy, microscopically positive resection margin, presence of metastases in lymph nodes, histological grade, vascular and perineural invasion. Further, the paper lists a number of different biological markers that could contribute to early detection of cancer, better prognosis and optimization of treatment, for example hENT1 (human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1), SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine), AGR2, Bcl-2, VEGF, Ki-67, COX-2 and more. Also, genetic mutations and significance of microRNA are discussed. Conclusion: Despite great efforts that have been devoted to the research of biological markers, so far the only clinically accepted and used marker is CA 19-9. Its use is primarily in patients already diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. A lot of attention has recently been focused on other potential biomarkers, their application in clinical practice would however still require further research.
- Klíčová slova
- hENT1, SPARC, BCL2, S100A4, AGR2,
- MeSH
- antigen CA-19-9 krev MeSH
- antigen Ki-67 krev MeSH
- cyklooxygenasa 2 krev MeSH
- duktální karcinom slinivky břišní * genetika krev MeSH
- ekvilibrační přenašeč nukleosidů 1 krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikro RNA genetika MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * genetika krev metabolismus MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní * genetika krev MeSH
- osteonektin krev MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- proteiny S100 krev MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 krev MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny p21(ras) krev MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstové faktory krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Bone metastases develop in several malignancies (multiple myeloma, breast, prostate and lung carcinoma) and cause several complications. The aim of this study was to search for new biomarkers to use in monitoring of bone metastatic disease with the use of xMAP technology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We assessed 62 oncological patients: 23 with no bone metastases, 28 with metastatic disease not having undergone therapy and 11 with metastatic disease treated by denosumab. Serum levels of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteonectin, periostin, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP5), tumor necrosis factor related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL40), carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (PINP) were measured in each sample. RESULTS: The following biomarkers were observed to have significantly higher levels in the groups of patients with metastases in comparison to metastasis-free patients: GDF15 (p<0.0001), osteonectin (p=0.0311), TRAP5 (p<0.0046), TWEAK (p<0.0343) and YKL40 (p<0.0034). The changes in DKK1, NSE, OPG and periostin were not significant. CONCLUSION: We identified five new biomarkers: GDF15, osteonectin, TRAP5, TWEAK, and YKL40 as being promising markers for monitoring bone metastases.
- MeSH
- adipokiny krev MeSH
- izoenzymy krev MeSH
- kolorektální nádory patologie MeSH
- kyselá fosfatasa krev MeSH
- lektiny krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev MeSH
- nádory kostí krev sekundární MeSH
- nádory plic patologie MeSH
- nádory prostaty patologie MeSH
- nádory prsu patologie MeSH
- osteonektin krev MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- růstový diferenciační faktor 15 krev MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tumor nekrotizující faktory krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been repeatedly shown to be able to repair bone defects. The aim of this study was to characterize the osteogenic differentiation of miniature pig MSCs and markers of this differentiation in vitro. Flow-cytometrically characterized MSCs were seeded on cultivation plastic (collagen I and vitronectin coated/uncoated) or plasma clot (PC)/plasma-alginate clot (PAC) scaffolds and differentiated in osteogenic medium. During three weeks of differentiation, the formation of nodules and deposition of calcium were visualized by Alizarin Red Staining. In addition, the production of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was quantitatively detected by fluorescence. The expression of osteopontin, osteonectin and osteocalcin were assayed by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis. We revealed a decrease of osteopontin expression in 2D and 3D environment during differentiation. The weak initial osteonectin signal, culminating on 7(th) or 14(th) day of differentiation, depends on collagen I and vitronectin coating in 2D system. The highest activity of ALP was detected on 21(th) day of osteogenic differentiation. The PC scaffolds provided better conditions for osteogenic differentiation of MSCs than PAC scaffolds in vitro. We also observed expected effects of collagen I and vitronectin on the acceleration of osteogenic differentiation of miniature pig MSC. Our results indicate similar ability of miniature pig MSCs osteogenic differentiation in 2D and 3D environment, but the expression of osteogenic markers in scaffolds and ECM coated monolayers started earlier than in the monolayers without ECM.
- MeSH
- anthrachinony MeSH
- barvicí látky MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- extracelulární matrix metabolismus MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie metabolismus MeSH
- osteokalcin fyziologie metabolismus MeSH
- osteonektin metabolismus MeSH
- osteopontin metabolismus MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- bariatrická chirurgie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kosti a kostní tkáň * metabolismus patofyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- kostní denzita * fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- látky proti obezitě * škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligand RANK metabolismus MeSH
- osteokalcin metabolismus MeSH
- osteonektin metabolismus MeSH
- osteopontin metabolismus MeSH
- osteoprotegerin metabolismus MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- souhrny MeSH
- MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- osteonektin biosyntéza fyziologie MeSH
- pojivová tkáň chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
