Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) may be a rare cause of granulomatous pneumonia in horses. The mortality of IPA is almost 100%; direct diagnostic tools in horses are needed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were collected from 18 horses, including individuals suffering from IPA (n = 1), equine asthma (EA, n = 12), and 5 healthy controls. Serum samples were collected from another 6 healthy controls. Samples of BALF (n = 18) were analyzed for Aspergillus spp. DNA, fungal galactomannan (GM), ferricrocin (Fc), triacetylfusarinin C (TafC), and gliotoxin (Gtx). Analysis of 24 serum samples for (1,3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) and GM was performed. Median serum BDG levels were 131 pg/mL in controls and 1142 pg/mL in IPA. Similar trends were observed in BALF samples for GM (Area under the Curve (AUC) = 0.941) and DNA (AUC = 0.941). The fungal secondary metabolite Gtx was detected in IPA BALF and lung tissue samples (86 ng/mL and 2.17 ng/mg, AUC = 1).
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V príspevku sa hodnotil vplyv troch tenzidov (karbetopendecínium halogenidov) na uvoľňovanie liečiva chlórhexidínium dichlorid (CHX) v 0,1 % (m/m) koncentrácii z liekovej formy – gél. Predmetom štúdie boli aj tokové vlastnosti gélov. Hodnotenými tenzidmi boli: karbetopendecínium bromid (SB), karbetopendecínium chlorid (SC) a karbetopendecínium iodid (SI). Koncentrácia tenzidov bola zvolená pod kritickou micelovou koncentráciou – 0,01 % (m/m). Ako gélotvorná látka bol použitý biopolymér – chitosan (CHIT) v 2,5 % (m/m) koncentrácii. Na základe štúdie tokových vlastností hodnotených gélov sa zistilo, že použité tenzidy nemali vplyv na zmenu charakteru sústavy. Gély vykazovali charakter plastických sústav s časovo nezávislým tokom. Uvoľňovanie liečiva sa sledovalo pri teplotách 20; 30 a 40 °C. Zistili sa štatisticky významné rozdiely (P < 0,05) v množstve uvoľneného CHX medzi jednotlivými typmi tenzidov. S rastúcou teplotou rástla rýchlostná konštanta uvoľňovania CHX, čo sa prejavilo aj na stúpajúcom množstve uvoľneného liečiva. Na základe dosiahnutých výsledkov bol vyhodnotený prídavok tenzidu SI ako najvhodnejší. Z gélu s obsahom tohto tenzidu sa uvoľnilo najviac CHX s najvyššou hodnotou rýchlostnej konštanty uvoľňovania.
The paper evaluates the influence of three surfactants (carbetopendecinium halogenides) on the liberation of the drug chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CHX) in 0.1% (w/w) from the dosage form-gel and also the flow properties of gels. The following tensides were evaluated: carbetopendecinium bromide (SB), carbetopendecinium chloride (SC), and carbetopendecinium iodide (SI). The tenside concentration was set under the critical micelle concentration. The biopolymer – chitosan (CHIT) in 2.5% (w/w) concentration was used as a gel creating substance. Based on the flow properties of the studied gels, it was found that the employed tensides exhibited no influence on the character of the system. The gels exhibited the character of plastic systems with time-independent flow. The drug liberation was evaluated at the temperatures of 20, 30 and 40 °C. Between the types of the tensides, the statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found as to the amount of the liberated CHX, which was reflected by the increased amount of the liberated drug. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the most suitable was the SI tenside. From the gel with this tenside the greatest amount of CHX was liberated, which had the highest value of the liberation rate constant.
Nowadays naturally occurring compounds with the potential antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects are of great importance for their prospective use in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. The new water soluble derivative of microbial polysaccharide beta-D-glucan-carboxymethyl glucan (CMG) belongs to such a category of natural substances. CMG isolated from the cell wall of baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is included into the class of biopolymers known as biological response modifiers (BRMs) with a broad range of activities, above all ones interfering with cancer therapy. It was demonstrated on four experimental model systems that biological and consequential medicinal importance of CMG is based on the combined application with another active compound. In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae antimutagenicity assay CMG significantly reduced ofloxacin-induced mutagenicity in the yeast strain D7. CMG exerted bioprotective (anti-toxic and antimutagenic) effect after its simultaneos application with methyl methanesulphonate on the repair-deficient strain uvs10 of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In the Vicia sativa simultaneous phytotoxicity and anticlastogenicity assay CMG exerted statistically significant anticlastogenic efect against maleic hydrazide-induced clastogenicity in Vicia sativa L. Only in the Salmonella/microsome assay CMG did not exert statistically significant antigenotoxic effect, despite of the fact that it reduced 9-aminoacridine-induced mutagenicity in S. typhimurium TA97, but his(+) revertants decreasing was statistically significant only at the highest CMG concentration used. The data presented unambiguously documented that even biopolysaccharides (e.g., derivatives of beta-glucan) belonging to the most abundant class of natural biopolymers may contribute to cancer prevention and therapy.
