První vydání 181 stran : ilustrace ; 20 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na management diabetu mellitus u dětí. Určeno široké veřejnosti; dětem a rodičům.; Postihuje především děti a dospívající, jejichž počet každoročně roste. Pokud onemocnění postihne malé děti, jejich svět se zastaví. Dítě se cítí zrazeno nemocí, které nerozumí. Má strach. Neví, co bude, bojí se, že je to trest za něco, co udělalo špatně. Postihne-li onemocnění starší děti, především pubertální, revoltují proti nemoci, která jim bere vysněnou svobodu. Děti s cukrovkou dostanou na krk pomyslný klíč – inzulin, kterým je (eufemisticky) učíme odemykat buňky. I když se zlepšila diagnostika nemoci, máme nové druhy inzulinů, nové aplikační technologie včetně inzulinových pump a kontinuální senzory k měření glykemií, přesto to nestačí. Je potřeba vrátit dětem jejich naději a víru, že jejich dětský svět bude stejný jako dřív. K tomu potřebují pomoc především osob, které o ně pečují – rodičů, prarodičů, sourozenců, kamarádů, učitelů a prakticky celé společnosti. Jen tak lze dětem zajistit šťastné dětství a velmi dobrou metabolickou kontrolu, která jim umožní vstoupit do světa dospělých bez diabetických komplikací. Znalosti a dovednosti ne jednoduché léčby diabetu jsou základním pilířem úspěšného ovládání nemoci. A jako když otevřete čítanku a učíte dítě poznávat písmena, slabiky a slova, stejně tak se budeme společně učit základům diabetologie. Malým dětem pomohou pohádky, těm starším zvýší svobodu a možnost volby nové znalosti, především technologické.
- MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus * MeSH
- Diet, Diabetic MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Insulin MeSH
- Glycemic Control MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Publication type
- Monograph MeSH
- Popular Work MeSH
- Conspectus
- Pediatrie
- NML Fields
- diabetologie
- pediatrie
- zdravotní výchova
- NML Publication type
- literatura pro děti a mládež
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) is a well-established analytical technique that enables monitoring of protein dynamics and interactions by probing the isotope exchange of backbone amides. It has virtually no limitations in terms of protein size, flexibility, or reaction conditions and can thus be performed in solution at different pH values and temperatures under controlled redox conditions. Thanks to its coupling with mass spectrometry (MS), it is also straightforward to perform and has relatively high throughput, making it an excellent complement to the high-resolution methods of structural biology. Given the recent expansion of artificial intelligence-aided protein structure modeling, there is considerable demand for techniques allowing fast and unambiguous validation of in silico predictions; HDX-MS is well-placed to meet this demand. Here we present a protocol for HDX-MS and illustrate its use in characterizing the dynamics and structural changes of a dimeric heme-containing oxygen sensor protein as it responds to changes in its coordination and redox state. This allowed us to propose a mechanism by which the signal (oxygen binding to the heme iron in the sensing domain) is transduced to the protein's functional domain.
The nonradioactive method, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the presence of Phos-tag (Phos-tag electrophoresis), is used to evaluate a kinase autophosphorylation and/or phosphotransfer reaction from a kinase/ATP to its protein substrate. This method outperforms radioisotope methods using [32P]ATP for detecting trace amounts of phosphorylated protein in fresh protein preparations. Phos-tag electrophoresis has been used to perform detailed analyses of the kinase activity of a heme-based oxygen sensor-specifically, a globin-coupled histidine kinase from the soil bacterium Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5 (AfGcHK).
PURPOSE: The threat of serious radiation exposures to members of the public from radiological incidents and nuclear events has led to intensive study of a number of emergency dosimetry techniques for purposes of triage. As such, a national laboratory of retrospective dosimetry was established in our institute. The purpose of this work is to provide a summary of the well-established and already implemented retrospective physical dosimetry techniques based on thermoluminescence (TL), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and neutron activation including their specifics. Moreover, we present some new results of the experimental work, in which we compared dosimetry potential of various dental repair materials and human teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At first, an overview of already established retrospective physical retrospective methods including their main features was compiled. As regards recent research, an experimental comparative study was performed under defined conditions. The materials used were aliquots prepared from both pure and repaired teeth and aliquots of unused dental ceramics of known type. Following irradiation, we compared TL and OSL curves of the materials. We also compared dosimetry characteristics of OSL signal as reproducibility, dose dependence and fading. RESULTS: After irradiation, the teeth aliquots of dental enamel and dentin exhibited very low OSL and TL signals compared with aliquots containing some dental repair materials or aliquots of pure dental ceramics. With a few exceptions, the OSL signal of dental enamel and dentin aliquots irradiated to 2 Gy was hardly distinguishable from OSL signal corresponding to unirradiated aliquots. In contrast, aliquots of teeth containing some dental repair material and aliquots of pure dental ceramics provided a well reproducible OSL signal exhibiting linear dose response. All the materials tested exhibited a significant fading of the OSL signal. The loss of OSL signal during the first 24 hours after irradiation was from 20 to 99% of its original value obtained immediately after the irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: The already established physical methods of retrospective dosimetry use a spectrum of verified materials and techniques for dose assessment in the aftermath of serious radiological incidents and nuclear events. In the comparative study, we found that the dosimetry potential of teeth in natural state is much worse compared to teeth repaired with dental ceramics or dental cement fillings. Teeth restored with dental repair materials exhibited relatively favorable dosimetry characteristics. However, they can be usable for a dose reconstruction only on condition that the main practical problems connected with fading and optical bleaching were solved.
- MeSH
- Radiation Dosage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Luminescence * MeSH
- Radiometry * methods MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Thermoluminescent Dosimetry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- MeSH
- Adult psychology MeSH
- Persons with Psychiatric Disorders psychology MeSH
- Trust psychology MeSH
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures MeSH
- Inpatients psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurotic Disorders * psychology rehabilitation MeSH
- Psychiatric Rehabilitation methods MeSH
- Psychodrama methods MeSH
- Psychotherapeutic Processes MeSH
- Psychotherapy, Brief MeSH
- Psychotherapy, Group MeSH
- Patient Satisfaction MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult psychology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Evaluation Study MeSH
The is contribution deals with diff erences and similarities in perceiving drama-therapy in patients with neurotic disorder in the context of psychiatric treatment. The first goal ascertains if there are diff erences in assessment of dramatherapy according to the membership of dynamic or cognitive-behavioural group. The second goal ascertains diff erences during the fi rst therapeutic session. Th e research assemblage was created by 57 patients from dynamic and cognitive-behavioural (KBT) groups from two mental hospitals in the Czech Republic. Data were gained by two-factor semantic diff erential and they were statistically assessed by a t-test (and further amended by qualitative group interviews). Conclusions have shown that the membership of patients of dynamic or KBT group has not an impact on their assessment of dramatherapeutic process.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Factor Analysis, Statistical MeSH
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neurotic Disorders * classification therapy MeSH
- Perception MeSH
- Psychodrama * history classification methods MeSH
- Interviews as Topic MeSH
- Semantic Differential MeSH
- Psychotherapy, Group history classification methods MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Hospitals, Psychiatric MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Evaluation Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
The research focuses on the description of humour and its eff ect on drama-therapy intervention in people with addiction. In a short research, we used the so-called “sculpture” as one of the sources for obtaining data, where clients depicted selected thematic areas using their own bodies and subsequently verbally described their meaning. Another method used was a questionnaire survey with open questions, when clients answered thematic areas that arose from sculpture and last but not least it was fi eld observation of dramatherapists. This compares body-based data and subsequently ver-balises the attitudes and ideas of clients in conjunction with dramatherapist observa-tions. Dramatherapy as a discipline uses for its work means such as play, role play, improvisation and more. These means, and especially improvisation, off er a number of situations and stimuli where humour is revealed and applied. Th e topic of humour arises in almost every dramatherapy intervention and works in diff erent dimensions to the process. As it turns out, humour works on multiple levels, for example as an encouraging humour that helps build a therapeutic relationship, but also on opposite levels, serving as an escape from the topic the client is currently working on. It was the exploration of these levels of humour in dramatherapy intervention that was a central theme of the research study.
- MeSH
- Data Analysis MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * psychology therapy MeSH
- Attitude MeSH
- Observation MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Psychodrama methods MeSH
- Psychotherapists MeSH
- Laughter Therapy methods MeSH
- Hospitals, Psychiatric MeSH
- Wit and Humor as Topic * psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Symbiotic bacteria affect competence for pathogen transmission in insect vectors, including mosquitoes. However, knowledge on mosquito-microbiome-pathogen interactions remains limited, largely due to methodological reasons. The current, cost-effective practice of sample pooling used in mosquito surveillance and epidemiology prevents correlation of individual traits (i.e., microbiome profile) and infection status. Moreover, many mosquito studies employ laboratory-reared colonies that do not necessarily reflect the natural microbiome composition and variation in wild populations. As a consequence, epidemiological and microbiome studies in mosquitoes are to some extent uncoupled, and the interactions among pathogens, microbiomes, and natural mosquito populations remain poorly understood. This study focuses on the effect the pooling practice poses on mosquito microbiome profiles, and tests different approaches to find an optimized low-cost methodology for extensive sampling while allowing for accurate, individual-level microbiome studies. We tested the effect of pooling by comparing wild-caught, individually processed mosquitoes with pooled samples. With individual mosquitoes, we also tested two methodological aspects that directly affect the cost and feasibility of broad-scale molecular studies: sample preservation and tissue dissection. Pooling affected both alpha- and beta-diversity measures of the microbiome, highlighting the importance of using individual samples when possible. Both RNA and DNA yields were higher when using inexpensive reagents such as NAP (nucleic acid preservation) buffer or absolute ethanol, without freezing for short-term storage. Microbiome alpha- and beta-diversity did not show overall significant differences between the tested treatments compared to the controls (freshly extracted samples or dissected guts). However, the use of standardized protocols is highly recommended to avoid methodological bias in the data.
- MeSH
- Aedes microbiology MeSH
- Bacteria classification genetics MeSH
- Culex microbiology MeSH
- Mosquito Vectors microbiology MeSH
- Microbiological Techniques MeSH
- Microbiota * MeSH
- Preservation, Biological MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Úvod: Diagnostika posturálních poruch v mladším školním věku je vzhledem k závažnosti důsledků středem zájmu rodičů, pediatrů, fyzioterapeutů i učitelů nebo trenérů sportovních oddílů. Výraznými znaky nedostatečnosti tzv. držení těla kromě rizikových asymetrických projevů jsou nedostatečná skapulothorakální fixace (popisovaná jako scapula alata), a plochonoží. Metody: Cílem bylo nalézt statistické souvislosti mezi nálezem: a) scapula alata a věkem, pohlavím a výskytem hypermobility, zkrácených svalů (mm. trapezii pars descendens a mm. pectorales minores) a zhoršením funkce stabilizace trupu; b) plochými nohami a věkem, pohlavím a výskytem hypermobility, hyperlordózy bederní páteře, zkrácených hamstringů a nadváhy. Výsledky: Vyšetřeno bylo 298 dětí ve věku 6-12 let. Byly popsány signifikantní souvislosti výskytu scapula alata (u 67 % dětí), se kterou má největší statistickou souvislost nález hypermobility a zkrácení mm. trapezii pars descendens. Pravděpodobnost nálezu scapula alata v mladším školním věku zvyšuje pohlaví (dívky mají o 40 % nižší riziko nálezu scapula alata), výskyt hypermobility (riziko nálezu scapula alata je u hypermobilních dětí o 2,4 vyšší) a zkrácených svalů (pravděpodobnost rizika nálezu u scapula alata se u dětí se zkráceným mm. trapezii pars descendens zvyšuje 2,27x). Výskyt ploché nohy má největší a zároveň signifikantní souvislost s pohlavím, nálezem hypermobility, zkrácených hamstringů, hyperlordózy bederní páteře a nadváhy. Pravděpodobnost nálezu ploché nohy byla zvyšována u chlapců (chlapci mají o 56 % vyšší riziko nálezu ploché nohy), výskytu nadváhy (u dětí s nadváhou bylo dokonce 10,1x větší riziko vzniku plochonoží) a výskytu hypermobility (děti s hypermobilitou mají 2,3x vyšší pravděpodobnost výskytu ploché nohy). Závěr: Přestože jsou výskyty některých pozorovaných parametrů jen projevem dynamiky růstu a adaptačních procesů, je třeba si uvědomovat možná rizika a důsledky pro další pohybový vývoj dítěte, pokud tyto projevy nedostatečnosti nejsou diagnostikovány a přinejmenším kontrolovány, aby nedocházelo k jejich fixaci v dalším pohybovém chování dítěte či adolescenta.
Introduction: Due to the severity of the consequences, the diagnosis of postural disorders at a younger school age is the focus of parents, pediatricians, physiotherapists and teachers or coaches of sports teams. Significant signs of insufficiency of the so-called posture, in addition to risky asymmetric manifestations, are insufficient scapulo thoracical fixation, described as scapula alata. and flat foot. Methods: The aim was to find statistical correlations between the finding of a) scapula alata and age, sex and the occurrence of hypermobility, shortened muscles (mm. trapezii pars descendens and mm. pectorales minores) and impaired trunk stabilization functions b) flat foot and age, sex and the occurrence of hypermobility, lumbar spine hyperlordosis, shortened hamstrings and overweight. Results: 298 children aged 6-12 years were examined. Significant relationships between the occurrence of scapula alata (in 67 % of children) were described, with which the finding of hypermobility and shortening of mm. trapezii pars descendens has the greatest statistical relationship. The likelihood of finding scapula alata at a younger school age increases gender (girls have a 40 % lower risk of finding scapula alata), the incidence of hypermobility (the risk of finding scapula alata is 2.4 higher in hypermobile children) and shortened muscles (the likelihood of finding scapula alata is in children with shortened trapezius pars descendens increases 2.27x). The occurrence of a flat foot has the greatest and at the same time significant association with gender, the finding of hypermobility, shortened hamstrings, lumbar spine hyperlordosis and overweight. The probability of finding a flat foot was increased in boys (boys have a 56 % higher risk of finding a flat foot, overweight - in overweight children there was even a 10.1 times higher risk of flat foot) and hypermobility (children with hypermobility are 2.3 times more likely occurrence of a flat foot). Conclusion: Although the occurrences of some observed parameters are only a manifestation of the child’s growth dynamics, it is necessary to be aware of possible risks and consequences for further movement of the child, if these manifestations of insufficiency are not diagnosed and at least controlled to prevent their fixation in further movement behavior of the child or adolescent.
