Regulation of bladder function involves both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. However, in addition to the classical autonomic transmitters, noradrenaline and acetylcholine, other autonomic transmitters and other signalling components play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract. Several substances of neuronal non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) systems have already proven to considerably influence functional responses in the inflamed urinary bladder. Interstitial cystitis (IC) or painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a chronic inflammatory bladder disease, characterized by urinary frequency, urgency and pelvic pain. IC/PBS is difficult to diagnose, especially because the etiology of the condition is largely unknown. Despite the unclear nature of the cause and manifestation of IC/PBS, it has been shown that the disease involves a significant NANC component. Here, we review the possible roles of ATP, adenosine, nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in the contribution to IC/PBS development and manifestation of IC/PBS symptoms.
- MeSH
- Cystitis, Interstitial drug therapy metabolism pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Urinary Tract drug effects innervation metabolism MeSH
- Urinary Bladder drug effects innervation metabolism MeSH
- Adrenergic Neurons drug effects MeSH
- Cholinergic Neurons drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Albendazole analogs & derivatives pharmacokinetics chemistry MeSH
- Anthelmintics pharmacokinetics chemistry MeSH
- Biotransformation MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Microsomes, Liver metabolism MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Appetite Depressants pharmacokinetics chemistry MeSH
- Biotransformation MeSH
- Cell Culture Techniques MeSH
- Cyclobutanes pharmacokinetics chemistry MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Hepatocytes metabolism MeSH
- Microsomes, Liver metabolism MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- NADP metabolism MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Stereoisomerism MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Cell Survival drug effects MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Enzyme Activation radiation effects MeSH
- Albendazole administration & dosage pharmacology MeSH
- Anthelmintics administration & dosage pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Liver enzymology MeSH
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism MeSH
- Intestine, Small enzymology MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- MeSH
- Leukotriene Antagonists pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Biotransformation physiology MeSH
- Quinolines pharmacokinetics MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Hepatocytes enzymology MeSH
- Microsomes, Liver enzymology MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System metabolism MeSH
- Cell Survival drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal pharmacokinetics chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Microsomes, Liver metabolism MeSH
- Liver metabolism MeSH
- Butyric Acid pharmacokinetics chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
- Stereoisomerism MeSH
- In Vitro Techniques MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Guinea Pigs MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- MeSH
- Anti-Asthmatic Agents analysis blood urine MeSH
- Quinolines analysis MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Molecular Structure MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Body Fluids chemistry MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Bile chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Animals MeSH
