A fast method for the determination of tropane alkaloids, using a portable CE instrument with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (CE-C4D) was developed and validated for determination of atropine and scopolamine in seeds from Solanaceae family plants. Separation was obtained within 5 min, using an optimized background electrolyte consisting of 0.5 M acetic acid with 0.25% (w/v) β-CD. The limit of detection and quantification was 0.5 µg/mL and 1.5 µg/mL, respectively, for both atropine and scopolamine. The developed method was validated with the following parameters-precision (CV): 1.07-2.08%, accuracy of the assay (recovery, RE): 101.0-102.7% and matrix effect (ME): 92.99-94.23%. Moreover, the optimized CE-C4D method was applied to the analysis of plant extracts and pharmaceuticals, proving its applicability and accuracy.
This study evaluates the toxic effects of five substances (atropine, fenitrothion, potassium cyanide, mercuric chloride and lead nitrate) on the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It describes a new biological toxicity test based on inhibition of S. cerevisiae viability and compares it with two standard toxicity tests based on Daphnia magna mobility inhibition (EN ISO 6341) and Vibrio fischeri bioluminiscence inhibition (EN ISO 11348-2). The new biological test -S. cerevisiae lethal test - is cheaper and 24 times faster than the D. magna test. The test speed is comparable with the V. fischeri test but the new test is more sensitive for some substances. The test indicates reliably the presence of all used toxicants in water in concentrations which are significantly lower than the concentration in toxic or lethal doses for man. Therefore, this new toxicity test could be proposed for rapid detection of toxic substances in water.
- MeSH
- Atropine analysis toxicity MeSH
- Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis toxicity MeSH
- Mercuric Chloride analysis toxicity MeSH
- Nitrates analysis toxicity MeSH
- Fenitrothion analysis toxicity MeSH
- Potassium Cyanide analysis toxicity MeSH
- Methylene Blue metabolism MeSH
- Environmental Monitoring methods MeSH
- Hazardous Substances analysis toxicity MeSH
- Lead analysis toxicity MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Toxicity Tests methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- MeSH
- Aconitine analysis MeSH
- Atropine analysis MeSH
- Water Pollution, Chemical analysis statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Mercuric Chloride analysis MeSH
- Enzyme Assays methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Fenitrothion analysis MeSH
- Conductometry methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Potassium Cyanide analysis MeSH
- Hazardous Substances analysis MeSH
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemistry MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Toxicity Tests methods instrumentation statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Cell Survival MeSH
- Military Medicine instrumentation MeSH
- Research Design MeSH
- MeSH
- Amphipoda MeSH
- Atropine analysis adverse effects MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques methods instrumentation utilization MeSH
- Chemistry Techniques, Analytical methods instrumentation trends MeSH
- Chemistry methods instrumentation trends MeSH
- Daphnia growth & development drug effects MeSH
- Fenitrothion analysis adverse effects MeSH
- Potassium Cyanide analysis adverse effects MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Research Design standards MeSH
- Water Pollution prevention & control MeSH
