Autori sa v prehľadovej práci zameriavajú na priblíženie aktuálnych poznatkov v oblasti kognitívneho deficitu, ktorý je prítomný u pacientov so schizofréniou. Uvádzajú charakteristiku kognitívneho deficitu, jeho neurobiologický základ a taktiež zhodnotenie jeho závažnosti, vzťah k priebehu a symptómom poruchy. Opisujú prístup klinickej neuropsychológie a novších postupov v rámci kognitívnych neurovied k jeho skúmaniu. V závere sa venujú aktuálnym možnostiam ako ovplyvniť kognitívny deficit, či už prostredníctvom psychofarmakologických postupov, alebo prostredníctvom kognitívnej remediácie.
The aim of the review article is to provide recent empirical evidence about cognitive deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Authors characterized cognitive deficit, analysed neurobiological basis and assessment of deficit severity, relationships to course of illness and symptoms of disorder. Approach of clinical neuropsychology is compared to current approach based on the cognitive neuroscience. Last part of the article is devoted to the topic of rehabilitation and treatment of cognitive deficit through the psychopharmacological intervention and cognitive remediation.
- MeSH
- kognitivní neurověda metody MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- kognitivní remediace metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- schizofrenie * diagnóza komplikace terapie MeSH
- stimulanty centrálního nervového systému terapeutické užití MeSH
- testy paměti a učení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with well characterized neurotoxic effects in high concentrations. Neurochemically, the initial neurotoxic effect of Mn is the perturbation of striatal γ-aminobutyric acid levels. Specific tasks for the assessment of cognitive functions subserved by fronto-striatal loops are available as the stop-change task (SCT) assessing control of multi-component behavior and action cascading. In a cross-sectional study, fifty male welders and 28 age-matched controls completed the SCT during a whole day examination. Reaction times, responses accuracy, and event-related potentials (ERPs) from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were analyzed. The shift exposure of the welders to respirable Mn was stratified by 20 µg/m3 in 23 low-exposed (median = 4.7 µg/m3) and 27 high-exposed welders (median = 86.0 µg/m3). Welders graduation was lower and was therefore included in the analyses. The task-related factor (stop-change delay, SCD) modified the responses as expected; however, the lack of an interaction "SCD × group" revealed no differences between welders and controls. EEG data showed that the "SCD" modulated the amplitude of the P3 ERP in controls stronger than in welders. There was no difference between the two groups of welders and no association between airborne or systemic Mn and the P3 ERP. Moreover, the P3 amplitude was smaller in subjects with lower education. These results showed that multitasking performance and cognitive flexibility are not impaired in welders. The electrophysiological results gave a weak hint that relevant neurobiological processes were different in welders as compared to controls but this may be related to lower education.
- MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- kognice účinky léků MeSH
- kognitivní neurověda metody MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí analýza toxicita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mangan analýza toxicita MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- svařování * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
