To improve the knowledge in chronophysiology we investigated the causal link between the most important physiological variable studied until now; ten Sarda ewes and ten Sarda goats, pluriparus not pregnant and no lactating, were used. Animals were housed under natural environmental conditions in a common stall, alfalfa hay and water were available ad libitum. Each animal was equipped with an Actiwatch-Mini® for recording total activity. Blood samples were collected every 4 h over a 48 h period for the assessment of melatonin concentration. Rectal temperature was recorded with a digital thermometer immediately before the blood sampling at each data point. Single cosinor method showed a daily rhythm of studied variables. Higher MESOR and amplitude values of melatonin and rectal temperature were observed in sheep than in goats. The diurnal acrophase of locomotor activity was statistically different from the nocturnal acrophase of melatonin and rectal temperature, with no differences between the two species. Robustness was statistically lower in total locomotor activity in comparison with the others two variables, with a differences due to species in melatonin daily rhythm. In conclusion, in small ruminants, melatonin and rectal temperature daily rhythms are strictly correlated, and are not associated with the locomotor activity rhythm.
The aim of this study was to evaluate milk yield and its composition during the preweaning period for Sahelian goats (SG) and Anglo-Nubian (AN) crossbred depending on some factors. The experiments were conducted from January to December 2008 for 44 suckled and hand-milked does, randomized, and divided into two equal groups: SG (n = 22) and F(1) Anglo-Nubian × Sahelian goats (1/2AN; n = 22). The does and their offsprings were kept in a pen where they stayed indoors for 45 days before they were allowed outdoors when the weather was suitable. Each category received supplemental feeds depending on the season (rainy season, dry cold season, and dry hot season). The average daily milk yield was recorded weekly from parturition to 100 days of age. Individual milk samples were taken for chemical analysis in connection with the yield measurements twice per month from the fourth week of lactation throughout the different seasons (rainy, cold dry, and hot dry). The daily milk yield differed between breed types (P = 0.001) during the preweaning, while the effect of kids' sex on daily milk production was not significant. Litter size affected milk yield up to day 60 (P = 0.032) where does with twins producing more milk than those with single kid. However, at day 100, both groups had similar (P = 0.001) milk production. Total milk yield at weaning increased by 103 % in 1/2AN over SG. The highest concentration of total solids of milk was (12.76 %) recorded in the hot dry season. The results of this study indicate that crossbreeding native Sahelian goats with high potential Anglo-Nubian buck improved milk production and its composition.
- MeSH
- chov metody MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- kozy fyziologie MeSH
- křížení genetické MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- mlékárenství metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- odstavení MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Mali MeSH
Conclusions from narrative qualitative reviews on differences in total tract digestibilities between goats and sheep did not account for variability among studies. Therefore meta-analytic techniques were used to describe the magnitude of these differences with numerical values. A unitless effect size (Hedges' g) was applied within studies to measure differences in digestibilities of dry matter (DM; 104 comparisons), organic matter (OM; 93 comparisons), crude protein (CP; 85 comparisons), neutral detergent fibre (NDF; 74 comparisons), acid detergent fibre (ADF; 59 comparisons), cellulose (24 comparisons), hemicellulose (18 comparisons) and gross energy (GE; 29 comparisons). The absence and inability to describe independent factors which contributed to variation among studies necessitated the use of frequentist random effects and hierarchical Bayesian models in the calculation of summary statistics across studies. Digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose were higher (p < 0.05) in goats than sheep when all-forage diets were fed. When concentrates were included in the diets, there were no such differences. Differences between goats and sheep in DM intake were found to be non-significant. Differences in nutrient digestibilities of forages as sole feed implies that species-specific values have to be used in feed formulation and feeding strategies. However, caution is needed when extrapolating results from stall-feeding, which is how digestibility data are usually measured, to grazing conditions.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- dietní proteiny MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- energetický metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt fyziologie MeSH
- kozy fyziologie MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza MeSH
- ovce fyziologie MeSH
- potravní vláknina MeSH
- trávení fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The goal of the present study was to investigate the daily rhythms of calcium, phosphate and 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1.25-(OH)2-D3) in the blood serum of goats. Blood samples from six Girgentana breed goats were collected via an intravenous cannula inserted into the jugular vein at four-hour intervals over a 48-hour period (starting at 08:00 hours on day 1 and finishing at 04:00 on day 2). The serum concentration of calcium and phosphate was measured by photometric test and of 1.25-(OH) 2-D3 by HPLC. All parameters were expressed as mean ? SEM. The one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant differences. p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. ANOVA showed a highly significant effect of time in all the parameters studied (p<0.0001 for calcium and phosphate and p<0.0002 for 1.25-(OH) 2-D3). The application of the periodic model and the statistical analysis of the Cosinor enabled us to define the periodic parameters and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring: all the studied parameters exhibited diurnal acrophases, which were within 12:44 and 17:28 hours. The results obtained led us to reveal the existence of a daily rhythm for the parameters considered and their temporal physiological values are useful for their implications in the formulation of therapeutic and nutritional protocols in the goat.
- MeSH
- 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analýza chemie krev MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie MeSH
- fosforečnany vápenaté analýza chemie krev MeSH
- kozy fyziologie krev MeSH
- sérum fyziologie chemie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie infračervená metody využití MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody využití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- adenylátcyklasy fyziologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- kozy fyziologie MeSH
- proteiny vázající GTP analýza fyziologie MeSH
- růstový hormon fyziologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- tuková tkáň fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
