Thymus alternans and Teucrium montanum subsp. jailae are medicinal and aromatic plants, typical of Slovakian flora, producing bioactive essential oils. In the present study, we evaluated the insecticidal potential of the essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation from the plant aerial parts and analysed by GC-MS, as insecticidal agents. For the purpose, they were assayed against three insect species acting as agricultural pests or vectors of medical relevance, such as the common housefly, Musca domestica L., the lymphatic filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus and the Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis; α-cypermethrin was tested as positive control. The two essential oils exhibited a different chemical profile, with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes being the main fractions in the essential oils from Th. alternans and T. montanum subsp. jailae, respectively. Insecticidal tests showed that the T. montanum essential oil was effective against S. littoralis (LD50(90) = 56.7 (170.0) μg larva-1) and Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (LC50(90) = 180.5 (268.7) mg L-1), whereas T. alternans essential oil displayed good toxicity against M. domestica adults (LD50(90) = 103.7 (223.9) μg adult-1). Overall, our results add useful knowledge about the potential of Slovakian flora as a source of botanicals for the eco-friendly management of insect pests and vectors.
- MeSH
- Culex účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- insekticidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- larva účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé rostliny chemie MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- moucha domácí účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- oleje prchavé analýza farmakologie MeSH
- ožanka chemie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- pyrethriny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- seskviterpeny analýza farmakologie MeSH
- Spodoptera účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Thymus (rostlina) chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
In the Mediterranean ecosystem, wildfires are very frequent and the predicted future with a probable increase of fires could drastically modify the vegetation scenarios. Vegetation fires are an important source of gases and primary emissions of fine carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere. In this paper, we present gaseous and particulate emissions data from the combustion of different plant tissues (needles/leaves, branches and needle/leaf litter), obtained from one conifer (Pinus halepensis) and one deciduous broadleaf tree (Quercus pubescens). Both species are commonly found throughout the Mediterranean area, often subject to wildfires. Experiments were carried out in a combustion chamber continuously sampling emissions throughout the different phases of a fire (pre-ignition, flaming and smoldering). We identified and quantified 83 volatile organic compounds including important carcinogens that can affect human health. CO and CO2 were the main gaseous species emitted, benzene and toluene were the dominant aromatic hydrocarbons, methyl-vinyl-ketone and methyl-ethyl-ketone were the most abundant measured oxygenated volatile organic compounds. CO2 and methane emissions peaked during the flaming phase, while the peak of CO emissions occurred during the smoldering phase. Overall, needle/leaf combustion released a greater amount of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere than the combustion of branches and litter. There were few differences between emissions from the combustion of the two tree species, except for some compounds. The combustion of P. halepensis released a great amount of monoterpenes as α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene, sabinene, 3-carene, terpinolene and camphene that are not emitted from the combustion of Q. pubescens. The combustion of branches showed the longest duration of flaming and peak of temperature. Data presented appear crucial for modeling with the intent of understanding the loss of C during different phases of fire and how different typologies of biomass can affect wildfires and their speciation emissions profile.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- borovice chemie MeSH
- cévnaté rostliny chemie MeSH
- dub (rod) chemie MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza MeSH
- ničivé požáry * MeSH
- pevné částice analýza MeSH
- plyny analýza MeSH
- prach analýza MeSH
- stromy chemie MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny analýza MeSH
- terpeny analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Helichrysum faradifani (Asteraceae) is a perennial shrub growing in rocky and sandy places of Madagascar. The plant is used in the Malagasy traditional medicine as a wound-healing agent, disinfectant and for the treatment of syphilis, diarrhea, cough and headache. In the present work, we analysed the chemical composition of the essential oil distilled from the aerial parts of H. faradifani by GC-MS and evaluated its insecticidal activity against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus by acute toxicity assays. The most sensitive were 2nd instar (LC50 = 85.7 μL L-1) larvae. For the 3rd and 4th instar larvae, the estimated LC50 were 156.8 and 134.1 μL L-1, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (51.6%) were the major fraction of the essential oil, with the bicyclic α-fenchene (35.6%) as the predominant component. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (34.0%) were the second major group characterising the oil, with γ-curcumene (17.7%) as the most abundant component.
- MeSH
- Culex účinky léků MeSH
- Helichrysum chemie MeSH
- insekticidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- komáří přenašeči účinky léků MeSH
- larva účinky léků MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza chemie MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin chemie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie farmakologie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- seskviterpeny analýza chemie MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Madagaskar MeSH
Basil (Ocimum L.) species are used as medicinal plants due to their essential oils exhibiting specific biological activity. The present work demonstrated that both the variety and season/conditions of cultivation had a significant effect on (i) the produced amount (extraction yield), (ii) qualitative, as well as (iii) quantitative profile of basil essential oil. Among studied basil varieties, a new variety, 'Mánes', was characterized for the first time. Based on our quantitative evaluation of GC-MS profiles, the following chemotypes and average concentrations of a main component were detected in the studied basil varieties: 'Ohře', 'Lettuce Leaf', 'Purple Opaal', 'Dark Green' (linalool, 5.99, 2.49, 2.34, 2.01 mg/mL, respectively), and 'Mammolo Genovese', 'Mánes', 'Red Rubin' (eucalyptol, 1.34, 0.96, 0.76 mg/mL, respectively). At the same time, when considering other compounds identified in GC-MS profiles, all the studied varieties, except from 'Lettuce Leaf', were methyl eugenol-rich with a strong dependence of the eugenol:methyl eugenol ratio on the seasonal changes (mainly solar irradiation, but also temperature and relative humidity). More complex and/or variable (depending on the season and cultivation) chemotypes were observed with 'Lettuce Leaf' (plus estragole, 2.27 mg/mL), 'Dark Green' (plus eucalyptol, 1.36 mg/mL), 'Mammolo Genovese' (plus eugenol, 1.19 mg/mL), 'Red Rubin' (plus linalool and eugenol, 0.46 and 0.56 mg/mL, respectively), and 'Mánes' (plus linalool and eugenol, 0.58 and 0.40 mg/mL, respectively). When considering superior extraction yield (ca. 17 mL·kg-1, i.e., two to five times higher than other examined varieties) and consistent amounts (yields) of essential oil when comparing inter-seasonal or inter-year data (RSD and inter-year difference in mean yield values ˂2.5%), this new basil variety is very promising for use in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.
- MeSH
- anisoly analýza MeSH
- bazalka pravá chemie MeSH
- cyklohexanoly analýza MeSH
- eugenol analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza MeSH
- oleje prchavé analýza MeSH
- oleje rostlin analýza MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Three methods, i.e., the cylindrical wet effluent diffusion denuder (CWEDD)-GCMS, Tenax tubes-GCMS and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) were compared for the determination of monoterpenes in forest. While the on-line technique (PTR-TOF-MS) allows only for the measurement of sum of monoterpenes, both the off-line preconcentration techniques (CWEDD and Tenax tubes) are suitable for the determination of concentrations of individual monoterpenes due to subsequent analysis of samples by GCMS. The CWEDD-GCMS is the only method that allows sampling of individual monoterpenes with short time intervals of 2-5min. Monoterpenes are absorbed into a liquid (n-heptane), flowing down on the inner wall of the CWEDD, and then the collected liquid with monoterpenes is immediately taken away for the GCMS analysis, which minimizes time when collected monoterpenes are exposed to oxidants presented in the air during sampling. The limits of detection of CWEDD-GCMS are in the range 1-7pptv for individual monoterpenes.
- MeSH
- heptany MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- lesy MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The genus Mentha of the family Lamiaceae has great importance due to the essential oils content and their commercial utilization. The antioxidant activities of essential oil of five Mentha species were estimated spectrophotometrically using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). The analysis of essential oils was performed by GC-MS. The most active was essential oil of M. spicata rich in carvacrol and thymol. Lowest activity was detected in M. longifolia var. lavanduliodora, rich in β-linalool.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- biologické přípravky MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické MeSH
- cytostatické látky * analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- máta * chemie MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: A comparative analysis by using static headspace (HS) and steam distillation (SD) GC-MS of the volatile and the semi-volatile secondary metabolites from leaves of cultivated Majorana syriaca. METHODS: The essential oils endogenous to cultivated thyme were isolated and identified by HS-GC-MS technology and compared to those from SD-GC-MS. RESULTS: The HS-GC-MS results showed that the Palestinian cultivated thyme is rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons and phenolic monoterpenes such as alpha-phellandrene, alpha-pinene, beta-myrcene, m-cymene, p-cymene, gamma-terpinene, thymol and carvacrol. In all the samples gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, thymol and carvacrol were the most abundant compounds. CONCLUSIONS: HS and SD-GC-MS have proved that most of the cultivated thyme samples examined has thymol isomer as the major phenolic constituent.
- MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) chemie MeSH
- listy rostlin chemie MeSH
- monoterpeny analýza MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- thymol analýza MeSH
- Thymus (rostlina) chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Střední východ MeSH
