Príspevok analyzuje koncept zdravotnej gramotnosti, ktorého dôležitosť narastá z dôvodu zložitosti systému starostlivosti o pacienta, najmä v oblasti onkologickej choroby. Pre pacientov je istá úroveň zdravotnej gramotnosti nevyhnutná k porozumeniu zdravotných informácií a služieb. I napriek neetablácii onkologickej sociálnej práce v slovenských podmienkach sa problematika onkologickej choroby uberá smerom k podpore vnímania i jej sociálneho rozmeru v kontexte holistického prístupu. Služby sociálneho pracovníka sa v zahraničí stávajú neoddeliteľným segmentom starostlivosti o pacientov s onkologickou diagnózou. Cez optiku autorky by preto mala zdravotná gramotnosť implikovať i vedomosti o sociálnych determinantoch zdravia, sociálnych dôsledkoch rakoviny, možnostiach sociálnej práce pri sociálnom liečení tejto choroby, službách poskytovaných sociálnym pracovníkom. Prehľadová štúdia z daných dôvodov nazerá na konštrukt zdravotnej gramotnosti zo sociálneho hľadiska, pričom sa špecificky zameriava na onkologicky chorých pacientov.
This paper analyses the concept of health literacy. Its importance is growing due to the complexity of the patient care system, especially in the field of oncological disease. A certain level of health literacy is essential to understanding health information and services for patients. Oncology social work is not established in the conditions of Slovakia. Nevertheless, in the context of a holistic approach, the problem of oncological disease also begins to be perceived in the social dimension. Social worker services abroad become an inseparable segment of care for patients with an oncological diagnosis. In the author's opinion, health literacy should therefore imply knowledge of the social determinants of health, the social consequences of cancer, the possibilities of social work in the social treatment of the disease, as well as the services provided by the social worker. For this reason, this review study looks at the construct of health literacy from a social point of view, focusing on cancer patients specifically.
Aim: Patient self-management is considered one of the preconditions for successful control of chronic conditions (including chronic pain), and health literacy is a relevant factor that can affect patient outcomes. The aim was to conduct a scoping review to synthesize studies within the healthcare context that have dealt with chronic pain in adults and measured literacy, and also to explore what literacy instruments were used. Methods: After determining clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 electronic databases were searched for relevant articles; additional articles were obtained through reference lists of the obtained articles. Of the 56 records that were screened, 14 were included for data abstraction. Results: Most (n = 11) obtained studies were quantitative and most were based on a definition of literacy that focused on individuals, i.e. either on their reading level or on their abilities to access, read, understand, appraise, and act on health information. Correspondingly, most (n = 10) instruments measured individual-level characteristics; they did so mainly to examine the relationship between health literacy and various pain-related variables. Most studies were conducted in the USA and Germany. Conclusions: Chronic pain health literacy is a topic with emerging research. However, most instruments are generic and are oriented mainly towards individuals. Thus, chronic pain-specific instruments should be developed, and the existing instruments should be expanded to include contextual factors as well. Research is urgently needed in non-Western countries, especially given the current and predicted future global trends concerning chronic pain.
