Nanomaterials in agriculture are becoming popular due to the impressive advantages of these particles. However, their bioavailability and toxicity are key features for their massive employment. Herein, we comprehensively summarize the latest findings on the phytotoxicity of nanomaterial products based on essential metals used in plant protection. The metal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized from essential metals belong to the most commonly manufactured types of nanomaterials since they have unique physical and chemical properties and are used in agricultural and biotechnological applications, which are discussed. The paper discusses the interactions of nanomaterials and vascular plants, which are the subject of intensive research because plants closely interact with soil, water, and atmosphere; they are also part of the food chain. Regarding the accumulation of NPs in the plant body, their quantification and localization is still very unclear and further research in this area is necessary.
Plant growth regulating properties of brevicompanines (Brvs), natural products of the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum, have been known for several years, but further investigations into the molecular mechanism of their bioactivity have not been performed. Following chemical synthesis of brevicompanine derivatives, we studied their activity in the model plant Arabidopsis by a combination of plant growth assays, transcriptional profiling, and numerous additional bioassays. These studies demonstrated that brevicompanines cause transcriptional misregulation of core components of the circadian clock, whereas other biological read-outs were not affected. Brevicompanines thus represent promising chemical tools for investigating the regulation of the plant circadian clock. In addition, our study also illustrates the potential of an unbiased -omics-based characterization of bioactive compounds for identifying the often cryptic modes of action of small molecules.
- MeSH
- Arabidopsis účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- biologické přípravky chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- cirkadiánní rytmus účinky léků MeSH
- cyklické peptidy chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- genetická transkripce účinky léků MeSH
- indoly chemická syntéza farmakologie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Penicillium chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antidota farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- atropin terapeutické užití MeSH
- autoaplikace přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- biologické bojové látky klasifikace normy MeSH
- centrální nervový systém metabolismus MeSH
- chemické bojové látky * farmakologie klasifikace normy toxicita MeSH
- cholinergní antagonisté farmakologie MeSH
- cholinesterasové inhibitory farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- dioxiny toxicita MeSH
- fosgen analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- halucinogeny MeSH
- herbicidy klasifikace MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv MeSH
- kyanovodík toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- LSD farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- obidoxim chlorid MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny * farmakologie chemie klasifikace toxicita MeSH
- oxid uhelnatý toxicita MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- první pomoc * MeSH
- testy kožní dráždivosti MeSH
- yperit toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Changes of amino acid concentrations (glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, aspartate, proline, tryptophan, alanine, glycine, valine and serine), gas-exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO(2) concentration) and nitrate levels in Lactuca serriola L. under airborne particulate matter (PM) contamination reported here reveal their role in plant chronic stress adaptation. Results of the pot experiment confirmed the toxic effect of trace elements present in PM for lettuce. PM applied to soil or on the lettuce leaves were associated with the strong inhibition of above-ground biomass and with the enhancement of plant trace element contents. The significant changes of amino acid levels and leaf gas-exchange parameters of the plants showed strong linear dependences on PM contamination (R(2)=0.60-0.99). PM application on leaves intensified toxic effect of trace elements (As, Pb, Cr and Cd) originating from PM by shading of the leaf surface. The plant accumulation of nitrate nitrogen after PM contamination confirmed to block nitrate assimilation.
- MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- fotosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- fyziologie rostlin účinky léků MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu analýza toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza toxicita MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- pevné částice analýza toxicita MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostliny účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- salát (hlávkový) metabolismus MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza toxicita MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Silver in the form of Ag+ is one of the most toxic heavy metals. At present the effect of silver on processes in plants is intensively investigated. The inhibition of action of ethene at the receptor level influences the membrane permeability and, therefore, intake of water and minerals. Inhibition of many plant enzymes and reactive oxygen species by Ag+ was found. On the other hand, plant species are able to form and deposit silver nanoparticles in their tissues. The effects of Ag+ on plants are specific, which makes them an important tool in study of plant physiology and in possible practical applications.
