JavaScript NENÍ povolen !

V této studii jsme zhodnotili a porovnali repelentní účinek tří esenciálních olejů, které jsou často považovány zašetrnou a ekologickou alternativu k syntetickým repelentům. Jejich účinnost na klíště obecné (Ixodesricinus) je ale negativně ovlivněna vysokou těkavostí. Účinnost jsme porovnali se syntetickým repelentem DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamid). Repelentní účinek byl zjištěn u všech testovaných látek, ale v průběhu pokusu se účinekukázal jako časově nestabilní. 5 minut po aplikaci se repelentní efekt pohyboval v rozmezí 65–85 %, po 80 mi-nutách, kdy byl pokus ukončen, byla repelence levandulového oleje 45 % a eukalyptového oleje 15 %. Pomerančový esenciální olej byl proti klíšťatům neúčinný již po 20 minutách od aplikace. Naopak účinek syntetického DEETu byl po celou dobu studie vysoký (95–100 %). V případě levandulového esenciálního oleje se ukázalo, že může být považován za vhodný repelent pro pobyt v terénu trvající kratší dobu.

This study evaluated the repellent effect of three essential oils against females of Ixodes ricinus, which is consider-ed the main arthropod disease vector in Europe. The essential oils could be regarded to be ecological and healthyalternatives to synthetic repellents, whose effect is unfortunately negatively influenced by high volatility. Asa comparison sample, 10% DEET was used. The tested essential oils exhibited a moderate to high initial repellen-cy of 65%–85% five minutes after application. The bioassay was terminated after 80 min, when the repellent effects of lavender and eucalyptus oils were 45% and 15%, respectively. No effect of orange oil was observed aftera 20-min mark. Conversely, the effect of DEET was determined to be high and stable (95–100%) throughout the experiment. This study found that the oils tested are not as effective as DEET. On the other hand, lavender oil has shown an interesting potential as an alternative repellent for outdoor activities of shorter duration.

Článek online

Tick repellents and acaricides of botanical origin: a green roadmap to control tick-borne diseases

Parasitology research. 2016 ; 115 (7) : 2545-60. [pub] 20160505

Parasitol Res
ISSN 1432-1955
Medvik
Zdroj

Arthropods are dangerous vectors of agents of deadly diseases, which may hit as epidemics or pandemics in the increasing world population of humans and animals. Among them, ticks transmit more pathogen species than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide. Thus, the effective and eco-friendly control of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. A number of novel routes have been attempted to prevent and control tick-borne diseases, including the development of (i) vaccines against viruses vectored by ticks; (ii) pheromone-based control tools, with special reference to the "lure and kill" techniques; (iii) biological control programmes relying on ticks' natural enemies and pathogens; and (iv) the integrated pest management practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock. However, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remains the two most effective and ready-to-use strategies. Unfortunately, the first one is limited by the rapid development of resistance in ticks, as well as by serious environmental concerns. On the other hand, the exploitation of plants as sources of effective tick repellents is often promising. Here, we reviewed current knowledge concerning the effectiveness of plant extracts as acaricides or repellents against tick vectors of public health importance, with special reference to Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Amblyomma cajennense, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Eighty-three plant species from 35 botanical families were selected. The most frequent botanical families exploited as sources of acaricides and repellents against ticks were Asteraceae (15 % of the selected studies), Fabaceae (9 %), Lamiaceae (10 %), Meliaceae (5 %), Solanaceae (6 %) and Verbenaceae (5 %). Regression equation analyses showed that the literature grew by approximately 20 % per year (period: 2005-2015). Lastly, in the final section, insights for future research are discussed. We focused on some caveats for future data collection and analysis. Current critical points mainly deal with (a) not uniform methods used, which prevent proper comparison of the results; (b) inaccurate tested concentrations, frequently 100 % concentration corresponded to the gross extract, where the exact amounts of extracted substances are unknown; and (c) not homogeneous size of tested tick instars and species. Overall, the knowledge summarized in this review may be helpful for comparative screening among extensive numbers of plant-borne preparations, in order to develop newer and safer tick control tools.

MeSH
akaricidy farmakologie MeSH
Asteraceae chemie MeSH
dobytek MeSH
Fabaceae chemie MeSH
hluchavkovité chemie MeSH
infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
klíště účinky léků MeSH
kontrola klíšťat metody MeSH
nemoci přenášené klíšťaty prevence a kontrola MeSH
Rhipicephalus sanguineus účinky léků MeSH
rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
přehledy MeSH

Článek online

Students' attitudes to tick risks

AAEM. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2016 ; 23 (3) : 437-41.

AAEM. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med.
ISSN 1898-2263
Medvik
Zdroj

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The ever-increasing number of patients with tick-borne diseases resulted in the presented study investigating the awareness, attitudes and knowledge among students about the threats arising from tick bites and preventive anti-tick practices. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Questionnaires concerning these issues were distributed amongst Czech and Polish university students of science. Responses were analyzed by nationality and by gender. RESULTS: Nearly all respondents were aware of the risks arising from ticks and could name at least one disease transmitted by ticks. The Czech students felt more threatened by tick-borne diseases, had more frequently suffered from Lyme borreliosis and were vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis more often than the Polish students. A large number of the participants applied preventive measures against ticks in order to protect themselves. The Czech students believed in the effectiveness of repellents statistically more often than the Polish students, while effectiveness is the main criterion for selection of the right repellent in both groups. CONCLUSION: Differences in preferences between the two nations appeared in many areas, e.g. the Czechs felt more threatened by all kind of risks and suffered from Lyme disease more frequently. Gaps can still be found in both the knowledge and behaviour among the respondents. It can be expected that the general public knowledge of this issue is rather limited in comparison with the students participating in the study, who are systematically educated in the field.