Glycopeptide dendrimers are branched structures containing both carbohydrates and peptides. Various classes of these compounds differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. The main stress is given to glycopeptide dendrimers, namely multiple antigen glycopeptides (MAGs). In MAGs, the core, branches or both are composed of amino acids or peptides. Other classes of glycodendrimers (PAMAM, polypropylene imine, cyclodextrin, calixarene, etc.) are mentioned too, but to a smaller extent. Their syntheses, physicochemical properties and biological activities are given with many examples. Glycopeptide dendrimers can be used as inhibitors of cell surface protein-carbohydrate interactions, intervention with bacterial adhesion, for studying of recognition processes, diagnostics, imaging and contrast agents, mimetics, for complexation of different cationts, as site-specific molecular delivery systems, for therapeutic purposes, as immunodiagnostics and in drug design. Biomedical applications of glycopeptide dendrimers as drug and gene delivery systems are also given.
- MeSH
- antigeny chemie MeSH
- biopolymery chemie MeSH
- buněčná membrána metabolismus MeSH
- chemie farmaceutická metody MeSH
- dendrimery chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- glykomika metody MeSH
- glykopeptidy fyziologie chemie MeSH
- kalixareny chemie MeSH
- konformace proteinů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peptidy chemie MeSH
- proteomika metody MeSH
- sacharidy chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Glycopeptide dendrimers are regularly branched structures containing both carbohydrates and peptides. Various types of these compounds differing in composition and structure are mentioned, together with their practical use spanning from catalysis, transport vehicles to synthetic vaccines. This Part II (for Part I see JeZek J, et al., J. Pept. Sci. 2008; 14: 2-43) covers linear oligomers with variable valency (brush dendrimers, comb dendrimers), sequential oligopeptide carriers SOCn-I and SOCn-II, chitosan-based dendrimers, and brush dendrimers. Other types of glycopeptide dendrimers are self-immolative dendrimers (cascade release dendrimers, domino dendrimers), dendrimers containing omega-amino acids (Gly, beta-Ala, gamma-Abu and epsilon-aminohexanoic acid), etc. Microwave-assisted synthesis of dendrimers and libraries of glycopeptides and glycopeptide dendrimers are also included. Characterization of dendrimers by electromigration methods, mass spectrometry, and time-resolved and nonlinear optical spectroscopy, etc. plays an important role in purity assessment and structure characterization. Physicochemical properties of dendrimers including chirality are given. Stability of dendrimers, their biocompatibility and toxicity are reviewed. Finally, biomedical applications of dendrimers including imaging agents (contrast agents), site-specific drug delivery systems, artificial viruses, synthetic antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer vaccines, inhibitors of cell surface protein-carbohydrate interactions, intervention with bacterial adhesion, etc. are given. Glycopeptide dendrimers were used also for studying recognition processes, as diagnostics and mimetics, for complexation of different cations, for therapeutic purposes, as immunodiagnostics, and in drug design.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny chemie MeSH
- antigeny chemie MeSH
- biopolymery chemie MeSH
- chemie farmaceutická metody MeSH
- dendrimery chemie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- genomika metody MeSH
- glykomika metody MeSH
- glykopeptidy fyziologie chemie MeSH
- konformace proteinů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- peptidy chemie MeSH
- proteomika metody MeSH
- sacharidy chemie MeSH
- vakcíny chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Autoři popisují výskyt vankomycin-rezistentních enterokoků ve Fakultní nemocnici v Olomouci a uvádějí pravděpodobnou souvislost se selekčním tlakem glykopeptidových antibiotik. Současně navrhují možné řešení situace s cílem zabránit šíření těchto nebezpečných bakteriálních kmenů.
The authors describe the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Teaching Hospital, Olomouc and discuss a possible connection with the selection stress of glycopeptide antibiotics. They suggest a solution to the situation with the aim to stop spreading those dangerous bacterial strains.
