Seventy-eight isolates of lactic acid bacteria from Ukraine and Thailand were screened for bacteriocinogenic activity against indicator strain Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei JCM 1157. One isolate showed an antagonistic activity of cell-free supernatant eliminated after the treatment with Proteinase K. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, this isolate was identified as Enterococcus italicus. Bacteriocin produced by this strain showed antimicrobial activity against L. sakei subsp. sakei JCM 1157, Brochothrix thermosphacta DSMZ 20171, and Listeria ivanovii subsp. ivanovii DSMZ 20750 in agar well diffusion assay. This bacteriocin was cationic and hydrophobic. The partially purified bacteriocin was thermostable, while heating of cell-free supernatant increased its activity more than twofold. Molecular mass of the partially purified bacteriocin as determined by SDS-PAGE differed from enterocin A and B previously known for E. italicus. Concentrated bacteriocin decreased the level of biofilm formation in L. sakei subsp. sakei JCM 1157 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in 52.5 and 48.0%, respectively (p < 0.05). We suggest that the studied bacteriocin could be a perspective antibiofilm agent in food conservation and medicine.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriociny chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• Brassica mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků   MeSH
• stabilita léku MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Thajsko MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Urban wastewater contains various micropollutants and a high number of different micro-organisms. Some bacteria in wastewater can attach to surfaces and form biofilm, which gives bacteria an advantage in the fight against environmental stresses. This work focused on analysis of bacterial communities in biofilms isolated from influent and effluent sewerage of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Bratislava, Slovakia. METHODS: Detection of biofilm microbiota was performed by culture-independent and -dependent approaches. The composition of bacterial strains was detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting coupled with construction of 16S rRNA clone libraries. Analysis of the concentration of antibiotics and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant coliforms, Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. in sewerage was also studied. RESULTS: Biofilm collected at the inlet point was characterised primarily by the presence of Pseudomonas spp., Acinetobacter spp. and Janthinobacterium spp. clones, whilst members of the genus Pseudomonas were largely detected in biofilm isolated in outflow of the WWTP. Predominant antibiotics such as azithromycin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin were found in influent wastewater. The removal efficiency of these antibiotics, notably azithromycin and clarithromycin, was 30% in most cases. CONCLUSION: The highest number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with a predominance of coliforms, was detected in samples of effluent biofilm. Multidrug-resistant strains in effluent biofilm showed very good biofilm-forming ability.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• azithromycin farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Enterobacteriaceae účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Enterococcus účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• klarithromycin farmakologie   MeSH
• odpadní voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• Staphylococcus účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• Acinetobacter baumannii izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• Burkholderia cepacia komplex izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• krev mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• moč mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Salmonella enterica cytologie   patogenita   MeSH
• sputum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• testování odbornosti laboratoří * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Enterococci are widespread bacteria forming the third largest genus among lactic acid bacteria. Some possess probiotic properties or they can produce beneficial proteinaceous antimicrobial substances called enterocins. On the other hand, some enterococci produce biogenic amines (BAs), so this study is focused on the sensitivity to enterocins of biogenic amine-producing faecal enterococci from ostriches and pheasants. Altogether, 60 enterococci isolated from faeces of ostriches and pheasants were tested for production of BAs. This target of the identified enterococci involved 46 strains selected from 140 ostriches and 17 from 60 pheasants involving the species Enterococcus hirae, E. faecium, E. faecalis, and E. mundtii. Although BAs histamine, cadaverine, putrescine, and tryptamine were not detected in the enterococci tested, in general high BA production by the tested enterococci was noted. The species E. hirae formed the majority of the enterococcal strains from ostrichs faeces (34 strains). High production of tyramine (TYM) was measured with an average amount of 958.16 ± 28.18 mg/ml. Among the enterococci from pheasants, the highest was production of TYM compared to phenylethylamine, spermidine, and spermine. Enterococci featured high BA production; however, they were sensitive to seven enterocins with inhibition activity ranging from 100 up to 25,600 AU/ml.

• MeSH
• biogenní aminy biosyntéza   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fenethylaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• Galliformes mikrobiologie   MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• spermidin biosyntéza   MeSH
• spermin biosyntéza   MeSH
• Struthioniformes mikrobiologie   MeSH
• tyramin biosyntéza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Enterococci form a complex, diverse, and very important group of bacteria from the technological and food safety aspect, or from the health-improving aspect as probiotics. Generally, enterococci are considered to be of low pathogenic potential, which is associated mostly with clinical strains. In these strains, production of virulence factors as well as resistance to many antimicrobial drugs could complicate treatment of nosocomial infections. Because there is a lack of information on incidence of these attributes in animal commensal enterococci, we screened 160 strains originating from feces of clinically healthy dogs in Eastern Slovakia (n = 105). The predominant species were Enterococcus faecium (57.5%) followed by Enterococcus faecalis (21.9%), and Enterococcus hirae (17.5%), while Enterococcus casseliflavus (1.9%) and Enterococcus mundtii (1.2%) rarely occurred. Among the tested antibiotics, gentamicin (high level) was the most effective drug against canine enterococci (95% of isolates were sensitive). In contrast, the highest resistance recorded (71.9%) was to teicoplanin. PCR screening showed the highest incidence of virulence genes in E. faecalis species. The most frequently detected were genes encoding adhesins efa Afm and efa Afs and sex pheromone cpd. IS16 gene, a marker specific for hospital strains, appeared in nine E. faecium strains. No strain was positive for DNase activity, 8.8% of the isolated strains showed gelatinase activity, and almost 100% strains produced tyramine. It seems commensal-derived enterococci from dogs could also to some extent be potential reservoir of risk factors for other microbiota or organisms.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• psi mikrobiologie   MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The present study focuses on the detection of enterococci in ostrich faeces. Forty-six bacterial colonies from 140 ostriches were identified at the species level using the MALDI-TOF MS identification system. According to the score value evaluation, they were allotted to the species Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus mundtii confirmed also by phenotypic testing. Dominated species E. hirae (34 strains) were submitted to more detailed testing. Those strains E. hirae produced either no or only slight amount of the enzymes related to disorders (N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, α-chymotrypsin, trypsin). Most of the strains were not hemolytic. They did not harbour the hiracin-producing gene. Five E. hirae strains harboured virulence factor gene gelE; however, they were phenotypically gelatinase negative. They also harboured other virulence factor genes such as esp, efaAfm and ccf. E. hirae strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics and those resistant at least to one antibiotic were sensitive to enterocins (200-25,600 AU/mL). This study represents original and novel results concerning the enterococcal microflora in ostriches; enterococci in ostriches have not been described in detail up to now; sensitivity to enterocins of E. hirae strains harbouring virulence factor genes to enterocins is also new.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• faktory virulence analýza   genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• přemostěné cyklické sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• Struthioniformes mikrobiologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• Arcanobacterium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky * MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Escherichia coli enzymologie   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• testování odbornosti laboratoří * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• tabulky MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce a mykózy diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• diagnostické techniky kardiovaskulární * trendy   využití   MeSH
• echokardiografie metody   využití   MeSH
• endokarditida * diagnóza   etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• kardiocentra metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• kardiochirurgické výkony * metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezioborová komunikace MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie metody   využití   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce diagnóza   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• streptokokové infekce diagnóza   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Only limited information exists concerning the microbiota in beaver (Castor fiber). This study has been focused on the virulence factors genes detection in enterococci from beavers. In general, animals are not affected by enterococcal infections, but they can be a reservoir of, e.g. pathogenic strains. Moreover, detection of virulence factors genes in enterococci from beavers was never tested before. Free-living beavers (12), male and female (age 4-5 years) were caught in the north-east part of Poland. Sampling of lower gut and faeces was provided according to all ethical rules for animal handling. Samples were treated using a standard microbiological method. Pure bacterial colonies were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) identification system. Virulence factors genes-gelE (gelatinase), agg (aggregation), cylA (cytolysin A), efaAfs (adhesin Enterococcus faecalis), efaAfm (adhesin Enterococcus faecium) and esp (surface protein) were tested by PCR. Moreover, gelatinase and antibiotic phenotypes were tested. Species detected were Enterococcus thailandicus, E. faecium, E. faecalis and Enterococcus durans. In literature, enterococcal species distribution was never reported yet up to now. Strains were mostly sensitive to antibiotics. Vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis EE9Tr1 possess cylA, efaAfs, esp and gelE genes. Strains were aggregation substance genes absent. Adhesin E. faecium (efaAfm) gene was detected in two of three E. faecium strains, but it was present also in E. thailandicus. Esp gene was present in EE9Tr1 and E. durans EDTr92. The most detected were gelE, efaAfm genes; in EF 4Hc1 also gelatinase phenotype was found. Strains with virulence factors genes will be tested for their sensitivity to antimicrobial enterocins.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• faktory virulence analýza   genetika   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• grampozitivní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• hlodavci mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• rektum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice MeSH
• želatinasy analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antifungální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Candida glabrata izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• debridement veterinární   MeSH
• drenáž veterinární   MeSH
• Enterococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• laparotomie veterinární   MeSH
• peritonitida * etiologie   chirurgie   komplikace   veterinární   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ruptura žaludku * chirurgie   veterinární   MeSH
• terapie ran pomocí řízeného podtlaku * veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH