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MeSH: krček femuru-fyziologie

6 záznamů v Medvik Filtry

Článek

Femoral neck and shaft structure in Homo naledi from the Dinaledi Chamber (Rising Star System, South Africa)

Friedl, Lukas
Autor Friedl, Lukas Department of Anthropology, University of West Bohemia, Plzeň, Czech Republic
Claxton, Alex G
Autor Claxton, Alex G Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, 409 Silsby, HB 6047, Hanover, USA
Walker, Christopher S
Autor Walker, Christopher S Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 04 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
Churchill, Steven E
Autor Churchill, Steven E Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 04 Bio Sci Bldg, Durham, NC, 27708, USA Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
Holliday, Trenton W
Autor Holliday, Trenton W Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 417 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
Hawks, John
Autor Hawks, John Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, 5325 Sewell Social Science Building, Madison, WI, 53706, USA Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
Berger, Lee R
Autor Berger, Lee R Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
DeSilva, Jeremy M
Autor DeSilva, Jeremy M Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, 409 Silsby, HB 6047, Hanover, USA Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa
Marchi, Damiano
Autor Marchi, Damiano Department of Biology, University of Pisa, vis Derna 1, Pisa, 56126, Italy Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa. Electronic address: damiano.marchi@unipi.it

Journal of Human Evolution. 2019 ; 133 (-) : 61-77. [pub] 20190625

J Hum Evol
ISSN 1095-8606
Medvik
Zdroj

The abundant femoral assemblage of Homo naledi found in the Dinaledi Chamber provides a unique opportunity to test hypotheses regarding the taxonomy, locomotion, and loading patterns of this species. Here we describe neck and shaft cross-sectional structure of all the femoral fossils recovered in the Dinaledi Chamber and compare them to a broad sample of fossil hominins, recent humans, and extant apes. Cross-sectional geometric (CSG) properties from the femoral neck (base of neck and midneck) and diaphysis (subtrochanteric region and midshaft) were obtained through CT scans for H. naledi and through CT scans or from the literature for the comparative sample. The comparison of CSG properties of H. naledi and the comparative samples shows that H. naledi femoral neck is quite derived with low superoinferior cortical thickness ratio and high relative cortical area. The neck appears superoinferiorly elongated because of two bony pilasters on its superior surface. Homo naledi femoral shaft shows a relatively thick cortex compared to the other hominins. The subtrochanteric region of the diaphysis is mediolaterally elongated resembling early hominins while the midshaft is anteroposteriorly elongated, indicating high mobility levels. In term of diaphyseal robusticity, the H. naledi femur is more gracile that other hominins and most apes. Homo naledi shows a unique combination of characteristics in its femur that undoubtedly indicate a species committed to terrestrial bipedalism but with a unique loading pattern of the femur possibly consequence of the unique postcranial anatomy of the species.

MeSH
diafýzy anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
femur anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
Hominidae anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
kostní denzita MeSH
krček femuru anatomie a histologie fyziologie MeSH
zkameněliny anatomie a histologie MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Geografické názvy
Jihoafrická republika MeSH

Článek

Left-right differences in the proximal femur's strength of post-menopausal women: a multicentric finite element study

Osteoporosis international. 2016 ; 27 (4) : 1519-28. [pub] 20151117

Osteoporos Int
ISSN 1433-2965
Medvik
Zdroj

UNLABELLED: The strength of both femurs was estimated in 198 post-menopausal women through subject-specific finite element models. Important random differences between contralateral femurs were found in a significant number of subjects, pointing to the usefulness of further studies to understand if strength-based classification of patients at risk of fracture can be affected by laterality issues. INTRODUCTION: Significant, although small, differences exist in mineral density and anatomy of contralateral proximal femurs. These differences, and their combined effect, may result in a side difference in femurs' strength. However, this has never been tested on a large sample of a homogenous population. METHODS: The strength of both femurs was estimated in 198 post-menopausal women through CT-derived finite element models, built using a validated procedure, in sideways fall conditions. The impact of the resulting asymmetry on the classification of subjects at risk of fracture was analysed. RESULTS: The small difference observed between sides (the right femur on average 4 % stronger than the left) was statistically significant but mechanically negligible. In contrast, higher random differences (absolute difference between sides with respect to mean value) were found: on average close to 15 % (compared to 9.2 % for areal bone mineral density (aBMD) alone), with high scatter among the subjects. When using a threshold-based classification, the right and left femurs were discordant up to over 20 % of cases (K always lower than 0.60) but the left femur was concordant (mean K = 0.84) with the minimum strength between right and left. CONCLUSION: Considering both femurs may be important when trying to classify subjects at risk of failure with strength estimates. Future studies including fracture assessment would be necessary to quantify the real impact.