The increasing content of platinum group metal particles emitted into the environment by car traffic is gradually attracting the attention of the scientific community. However, the methods for the determination of platinum group metals in environmental matrices are either costly or suffer from low sensitivity. To facilitate the use of less sensitive, but significantly cheaper, devices, the preconcentration of platinum group metals is employed. For platinum, a multitude of preconcentration approaches have been published. On the contrary, the preconcentration approaches for palladium are still rare. In this work, the development, optimization, and testing of a new approach is described; it is based on a preconcentration of palladium on octadecyl modified silica gel together with the complexing agent dimethylglyoxime, and it is then analyzed with the high-resolution continuum-source atomic absorption spectrometry. For comparison, a newly developed sorbent, QuadraSil™ TA, with a high affinity for platinum group metals was also tested. The preconcentraiton approach was tested on the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, which served as a bioindicator of palladium emissions. The case study site was a mid-sized city in central Europe: Brno, Czech Republic. The dry "bag" monitoring technique was used to collect the palladium near roads with a large span of traffic density. The developed analytical approach confirmed an increasing concentration of palladium with increasing exposure time and intensity of the traffic. Consequently, a simple relationship between the amount of bioaccumulated palladium and traffic density was established.

• MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• palladium analýza   chemie   MeSH
• platina analýza   MeSH
• silikagel MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová metody   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

Psoromic acid (PA), a bioactive lichen-derived compound, was investigated for its inhibitory properties against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), along with the inhibitory effect on HSV-1 DNA polymerase, which is a key enzyme that plays an essential role in HSV-1 replication cycle. PA was found to notably inhibit HSV-1 replication (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 1.9 μM; selectivity index (SI): 163.2) compared with the standard drug acyclovir (ACV) (IC50: 2.6 μM; SI: 119.2). The combination of PA with ACV has led to potent inhibitory activity against HSV-1 replication (IC50: 1.1 µM; SI: 281.8) compared with that of ACV. Moreover, PA displayed equivalent inhibitory action against HSV-2 replication (50% effective concentration (EC50): 2.7 μM; SI: 114.8) compared with that of ACV (EC50: 2.8 μM; SI: 110.7). The inhibition potency of PA in combination with ACV against HSV-2 replication was also detected (EC50: 1.8 µM; SI: 172.2). Further, PA was observed to effectively inhibit HSV-1 DNA polymerase (as a non-nucleoside inhibitor) with respect to dTTP incorporation in a competitive inhibition mode (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 0.7 μM; inhibition constant (Ki): 0.3 μM) compared with reference drugs aphidicolin (IC50: 0.8 μM; Ki: 0.4 μM) and ACV triphosphate (ACV-TP) (IC50: 0.9 μM; Ki: 0.5 μM). It is noteworthy that the mechanism by which PA-induced anti-HSV-1 activity was related to its inhibitory action against HSV-1 DNA polymerase. Furthermore, the outcomes of in vitro experiments were authenticated using molecular docking analyses, as the molecular interactions of PA with the active sites of HSV-1 DNA polymerase and HSV-2 protease (an essential enzyme required for HSV-2 replication) were revealed. Since this is a first report on the above-mentioned properties, we can conclude that PA might be a future drug for the treatment of HSV infections as well as a promising lead molecule for further anti-HSV drug design.

• MeSH
• antivirové látky * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• benzoxepiny * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
• DNA-dependentní DNA-polymerasy * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory syntézy nukleových kyselin chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský herpesvirus 1 fyziologie   MeSH
• lidský herpesvirus 2 fyziologie   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   MeSH
• replikace viru účinky léků   MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu * MeSH
• Vero buňky MeSH
• virové proteiny * antagonisté a inhibitory   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

After the phasing out of leaded gasoline, Pb emissions to the atmosphere dramatically decreased, and other sources became more significant. The contribution of unleaded gasoline has not been sufficiently recognized; therefore, we evaluated the impact of Pb from unleaded gasoline in a relatively pristine area in Subarctic NE Norway. The influence of different endmembers (Ni slag and concentrate from the Nikel smelter in Russia, PM10filters, and traffic) on the overall Pb emissions was determined using various environmental samples (snow, lichens, and topsoils) and Pb isotope tracing. We found a strong relationship between Pb in snow and the Ni smelter. However, lichen samples and most of the topsoils were contaminated by Pb originating from the current use of unleaded gasoline originating from Russia. Historical leaded and recent unleaded gasoline are fully distinguishable using Pb isotopes, as unleaded gasoline is characterized by a low radiogenic composition (206Pb/207Pb = 1.098 and208Pb/206Pb = 2.060) and remains an unneglectable source of Pb in the region.

• MeSH
• atmosféra chemie   MeSH
• benzin analýza   MeSH
• izotopy analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• olovo analýza   MeSH
• sníh chemie   MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Norsko MeSH
• Rusko MeSH

We studied the resistance of Parmotrema austrosinense to UV-B stress. We focused on the effects of a high dose UV-B radiation on the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and UV-B screening compounds. Photosynthetic parameters were measured by chlorophyll fluorescence (potential and effective quantum yields, photochemical and non-photochemical quenching) and evaluated in control and UV-B-treated lichens. Lichens from two different locations in Cordoba, Argentina, were selected: (i) high altitude and dry plots at (Los Gigantes) and (ii) lowland high salinity plots (Salinas Grandes). UV-B treatment led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments and UV-B screens (absorbance decrease in 220-350 nm) in the samples from Salinas Grandes, while in Los Gigantes samples, an increase in UV-B screen content was observed. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters showed a UV-B-induced decline in FV /FM , ΦPSII and qP indicating limitation of primary photosynthetic processes in photosystem II (PSII) of symbiotic alga, more pronounced in Salinas Grandes samples. Protective mechanism of PSII were activated by the UV-B treatment to a higher extent in samples from Salinas Grandes (NPQ 0.48) than in Los Gigantes samples (NPQ 0.26). We concluded that site-related characteristics, and in particular different UV-B radiation regimen, had a strong effect on resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus of P. austrosinense to UV-B radiation.

• MeSH
• chlorofyl analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• fotosyntéza účinky záření   MeSH
• karotenoidy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• tolerance k soli účinky záření   MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Lichens provide a large array of compounds with the potential for pharmaceutical development. In the present study, extracts from three previously undescribed North American lichen species were examined for antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities. RESULTS: The results from this study demonstrated the following: (i) Acarospora socialis ethanol extract exhibited significant DPPH antioxidant scavenging activities, which were concentration dependent; (ii) acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of Xanthoparmelia mexicana inhibited Gram-positive bacteria but had no effect on Gram-negative bacteria; X. mexicana acetone extract yielded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20.9 µg mL-1 against Staphylococcus aureus, and 41.9 µg mL-1 against Enterococcus faecalis; (iii) acetone extract of Lobothallia alphoplaca inhibited growth of cultured breast cancer MCF-7 cells with an effective concentration (EC50 ) of 87 µg mL-1 ; the MCF-7 cell cycle appears arrested in the G2 phase, whereas the DNA synthesis cell cycle (S) may be inhibited. CONCLUSION: New lichen species that possess strong biological activities have been identified. These lichens comprise secondary metabolites that possess antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Severní Amerika MeSH

A series of lichen secondary metabolites (parietin, atranorin, usnic and gyrophoric acid) and their interactions with calf thymus DNA were investigated using molecular biophysics and biochemical methods. The binding constants K were estimated to range from 4.3×10(5) to 2.4×10(7)M(-1) and the percentage of hypochromism was found to be 16-34% (from spectral titration). The results of spectral measurement indicate that the compounds act as effective DNA-interacting agents. Electrophoretic separation studies prove that from all the metabolites tested in this study, only gyrophoric acid exhibited an inhibitory effect on Topo I (25μM).

• MeSH
• benzoáty farmakologie   MeSH
• benzofurany farmakologie   MeSH
• cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
• DNA účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• emodin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• hydroxybenzoáty farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory topoisomerasy I farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory topoisomerasy II farmakologie   MeSH
• interkalátory farmakologie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• antivirové látky * izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• benzofurany farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• flavonoidy farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• látky proti HIV farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• oleje rostlin farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• polyfenoly farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• polysacharidy farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• sinice chemie   MeSH
• terpeny farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH

The anti-proliferative activitiy of Hypogymnia physodes methanol extracts (ME) and its main constituents, physodalic acid (P1), physodic acid (P2), and 3-hydroxy physodic acid (P3), was tested on human cancer HeLa cell lines. Three lichen depsidones, P1, P2 and P3, were isolated from H. physodes ME using column chromatography and their structures were determined by UV, ESI TOF MS, 1H and 13C NMR. The content of P1, P2 and P3 in ME was determined using reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. P1-3 represented even 70 % of the studied extract. The HeLa cells were incubated during 24 and 72 h in the presence of ME and depsidones P1, P2 and P3, at concentrations of 10-1000 μg/ml. Compounds P2 and P3 showed higher activity than compound P1. Half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50, μg/ml) of P1, P2, P3 and ME for 24-h incubation were 964, 171, 97 and 254 μg/ml, respectively, while for 72-h incubation they were 283, 66, 63 and 68 μg/ml. As far as we know, this is the first report on the effect of H. physodes ME and their depsidones on HeLa cells.

• MeSH
• depsidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
• laktony chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Aim: The identifi cation and evaluation of lichen metabolite production by the epiphytic lichenized ascomyceteRamalina lacera collected from diff erent substrates: Crataegus sinaicus, Pinus halepensis, and Quercus calliprinos. Methods: Chemical constituents were characterized by GC-MS, HPLC, HR-TLC, and other chemical methods. Results: The most abundant fatty acids were ?-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid but a considerable variabilityof the ester composition from one to another was found. A comparison of neutral lipids, glycolipids, polar lipids andfatty acid composition of the tree-growing lichen Ramalina lacera was done. Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine,diaclyglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-ß-alanine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol were found asmajor components among polar lipids. Diff ractaic, lecanoric, norstictic, protocetric, and usnic acids were isolated asmajor aromatic compounds in all samples of R. lacera. Conclusions: We evaluated a diversity of fatty acids, lipids, and aromatic compounds produced by the samples ofRamalina lacera growing on diff erent tree-substrates, Crataegus sinaicus, Pinus halepensis and Quercus calliprinos.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota chemie   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• betain izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Chlorophyta chemie   metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě metody   využití   MeSH
• glykolipidy izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• houby chemie   MeSH
• kyselina salicylová izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• lipidy izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• resorcinoly izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   využití   MeSH

Colleflaccinosides A and B, two chiral bianthraquinone glycosides from the two geographical varieties of lichen Collema flaccidum collected in Russia and Israel have been isolated as new natural products. Their structures were elucidated using UV, CD, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data, and chemical degradation. The colleflaccinosides B had significant antitumor activity in the crown gall tumor inhibition test.

• MeSH
• Agrobacterium tumefaciens účinky léků   MeSH
• anthrachinony farmakologie   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky fytogenní farmakologie   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cirkulární dichroismus MeSH
• glykosidy farmakologie   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lišejníky chemie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulární konformace MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• nádory rostlin MeSH
• nukleární magnetická rezonance biomolekulární MeSH
• spektrofotometrie infračervená MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - bombardování rychlými atomy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Izrael MeSH
• Rusko MeSH