The use of microorganisms as reducing and stabiliz-ing agents in biogenic syntheses of metal nanoparticles is an attractive approach. There is a large number of potential bioagents able to yield big amounts of various biomole-cules, and to prepare nanoparticles of diverse physico-chemical properties. Microscopic fungi and algae are widely studied for the preparation of nanoparticles, mainly because of their ability to produce vast amounts of extra-cellular proteins, enzymes, and other metabolites that can actively participate in the metal reduction and also contrib-ute to the nanoparticle stabilization. This results in highly stable metal nanoparticles with interesting properties that can be used, for example, as antimicrobial agents (especially Ag or Cu nanoparticles) or as catalysts. This review summarizes the main, promising representatives of microscopic fungi, yeasts, and algae used for the prepara-tion of nanoparticles of various metals.
- MeSH
- beta-glukany * chemie izolace a purifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- houby chemie MeSH
- jedlá semena chemie MeSH
- kvasinky chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zdravá strava MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Rubroboletus satanas (Lenz) Kuan Zhao & Zhu L. Yang, known as Boletus satanas (Lenz) until 2014, and commonly known as the Devil´s bolete or Satan´s bolete, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the bolete family. Grows in mixed woodlands in the southern, warmer regions of Europe and North America. Satan´s bolete generally regarded as a poisonous mushroom, with predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms of nausea and violent vomiting occurring if eaten raw or isufficiently heat-treated. The toxicity of the mushroom corresponds to a toxic protein called bolesatine. Bolesatine is a toxic glycoprotein which has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis in cell-free systems and cell culture and is toxic to rodents. Biology, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of bolesatine is discussed in this article.
- Klíčová slova
- Rubroboletus,
- MeSH
- Agaricales * chemie klasifikace MeSH
- antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- fungální proteiny * chemie izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- gastroenteritida chemicky indukované komplikace terapie MeSH
- glykoproteiny chemie otrava toxicita MeSH
- houby chemie klasifikace MeSH
- lektiny chemie imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mykotoxiny * chemie otrava toxicita MeSH
- otrava houbami klasifikace komplikace terapie MeSH
- proteosyntéza genetika imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- ricin chemie otrava toxicita MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky dějiny farmakologie MeSH
- antitumorózní látky fytogenní farmakologie izolace a purifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- Basidiomycota chemie imunologie MeSH
- biotechnologie * MeSH
- Claviceps chemie patogenita MeSH
- houby * chemie klasifikace MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunosupresiva izolace a purifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- námelové alkaloidy biosyntéza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- peniciliny biosyntéza farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- statiny chemie izolace a purifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Má se za to, že chitinasy hrají důležitou fyziologickou roli u vláknitých hub, protože chitin je jednou z hlavních složek buněčné stěny v těchto organismech. V této studii jsme provedli screening a následně identifikovali nový izolát, který by mohl být použit pro produkci chitinasy. Bylo vybráno osmnáct izolátů (z půdy a z mrtvého hmyzu) vykazujících chitinolytickou aktivitu na syntetickém médiu s koloidním chitinem jako jediným zdrojem uhlíku. Jeden, vykazující nejvyšší chitinasovou aktivitu byl identfikován (sekvenaci rDNA) jako kmen Petromyces alliaceus, u kterého dosud nebyla chitinolytická aktivita popsána. Následná kultivace v bioreaktoru poskytovala výtěžky chitinasy srovnatelné s literaturou. Nejvyšší produkce biomasy byla sledována mezi 72 a 96 hodinou a nejvyšší chitinasové aktivity bylo dosaženo po 120 hodinách kultivace.
It is believed that chitinases play important physiological roles in filamentous fungi since chitin is one of the major cell wall components in these organisms. In this study we present a screening and identification of a new fungal isolate that could be used for the production of chitinase. For this purpose samples from soil, as well as from dead insects were collected and processed for further investigation. Eighteen isolates possessing chitinolytic activity on synthetic medium with colloidal chitin as sole carbon source were segregated. The one yielding highest chitinase activity was identified (by sequencing of the rDNA ITS fragment) as a previously unreported chitinolytic strain of Petromyces alliaceus. Subsequent cultivation in bioreactor yields a chitinase activity adequate to other reported in literature. The producing level was highest between 72nd h and 96th h and highest chitinase activity was achieved in 120th h of cultivation.
Raman spectroscopy is a rapid nondestructive technique providing spectroscopic and structural information on both organic and inorganic molecular compounds. Extensive applications for the method in the characterization of pigments have been found. Due to the high sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy for the detection of chlorophylls, carotenoids, scytonemin, and a range of other pigments found in the microbial world, it is an excellent technique to monitor the presence of such pigments, both in pure cultures and in environmental samples. Miniaturized portable handheld instruments are available; these instruments can be used to detect pigments in microbiological samples of different types and origins under field conditions.
Cyclopentenediones (CPDs) are secondary metabolites of higher plants, fungi, algae, cyanobacteria and bacteria. A common denominator of CPDs is the cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dione skeleton (1), which is modified by several functional groups. The heterogeneity of these substitutions is reflected in around one hundred CPDs reported to date. Most of the derivatives were isolated primarily from plant sources. Synthetic analogues were then prepared with new biological activities and more interesting pharmacological potential. Antifungal substances called coruscanones (2, 3) are the most studied of the CPDs. Other intensely investigated CPDs include lucidone (4), linderone (5), asterredione (6), involutone (7), nostotrebin 6 (8), TX-1123 (9), G2201-C (10), madindolines (11, 12) and many others. In addition to antibacterial and antifungal effects, a broad spectrum of biological activities for CPDs has been reported in the past two decades, especially anti-inflammatory, cytostatic and specific enzyme inhibitory activities. The CPD skeleton has been identified in a number of substances isolated from the plant kingdom; hence, CPDs can be referred to as a new group of natural bioactive substances. The main goal of this review is to define CPDs with respect to basic chemistry, isolation, synthetic approaches and description of their biological effects. Special attention is given to a detailed view into biological activities of CPDs in vitro and their phamacological potential.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky chemie izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- cyklopentany chemická syntéza chemie farmakologie MeSH
- cytostatické látky chemie izolace a purifikace toxicita MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků MeSH
- houby chemie metabolismus MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- rostliny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
