BACKGROUND: Vaccination against 5 prominent meningococcal serogroups (A/B/C/W/Y) is necessary for broad disease protection. We report immunopersistence through 4 years after a 2-dose (6-month interval) pentavalent MenABCWY primary vaccine series and safety and immunogenicity of a booster administered 4 years after primary vaccination. METHODS: This randomized, active-controlled, observer-blinded study was conducted in the United States and Europe. In stage 1, healthy MenACWY vaccine-naive or -experienced 10- to 25-year-olds were randomized 1:2 to receive MenABCWY and placebo or MenB-fHbp and MenACWY-CRM. Eligible participants were randomly selected to participate in stage 2, which was an open-label immunopersistence and booster extension. Immunogenicity was assessed through serum bactericidal antibody using human complement (hSBA) assays with serogroups A/C/W/Y (MenA/C/W/Y) and 4 primary serogroup B (MenB) test strains. Immunogenicity endpoints included hSBA seroprotection rates through 48 months after primary vaccination and 1 month after the booster. Safety endpoints included booster reactogenicity events and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Of 1379 eligible participants, 353 entered stage 2; 242 completed the 48-month blood draw after primary vaccination and 240 completed the booster vaccination phase. MenA/C/W/Y seroprotection rates remained high for 4 years following a 2-dose MenABCWY primary series (MenACWY-naive, 62.0 %-100.0 %; MenACWY-experienced, 98.7 %-100.0 %) and trended higher than those after a single MenACWY-CRM dose (MenACWY-naive, 38.1 %-95.2 %; MenACWY-experienced, 89.7 %-100.0 %). Corresponding seroprotection rates against MenB remained stable and generally higher than baseline (MenABCWY, 18.2 %-36.6 %; MenB-fHbp, 16.2 %-31.9 % across strains). Following a booster, seroprotection rates against all 5 serogroups were ≥ 93.8 % across groups. Most booster dose reactogenicity events were mild or moderate in severity, and AEs were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Immune responses remained high for MenA/C/W/Y and above baseline for MenB through 4 years after the MenABCWY primary series, with robust responses for all 5 serogroups observed following a booster. The MenABCWY booster had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile consistent with the primary series. NCT03135834.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunogenicita vakcíny MeSH
- komplement imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningokokové infekce * prevence a kontrola imunologie MeSH
- meningokokové vakcíny * imunologie škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Neisseria meningitidis imunologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální * krev MeSH
- sekundární imunizace * metody MeSH
- séroskupina MeSH
- vakcíny konjugované imunologie aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Despite the lower virulence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants and high rates of vaccinated and previously infected subjects, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study evaluated the parameters of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in 120 KTRs. The production of neutralizing antibodies in KTRs, following booster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, was significantly decreased and their decline was faster than in healthy subjects. Factors predisposing to the downregulation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies included age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a full dose of mycophenolate mofetil. Neutralizing antibodies correlated with those targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimmer, total SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein, as well as with antibodies to the deadly SARS-CoV-1 virus. No cross-reactivity was found with antibodies against seasonal coronaviruses. KTRs exhibited lower postvaccination production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; however, the specificity of their humoral response did not differ compared to healthy subjects.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky * krev imunologie MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu * MeSH
- protilátky virové * krev imunologie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie MeSH
- sekundární imunizace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vakcína BNT162 imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- intrakraniální krvácení chemicky indukované MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kombinované vakcíny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kompenzace a odškodnění MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- právní vědy MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- smrt MeSH
- vakcinace * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- MeSH
- autoimunitní nemoci virologie MeSH
- infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové * prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- infekční mononukleóza virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfoproliferativní nemoci virologie MeSH
- nádory virologie MeSH
- vakcinace metody MeSH
- virus Epsteinův-Barrové * patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Pacienti s pokročilým chronickým ochorením pečene (ACLD) a tí, ktorí čakajú na transplantáciu pečene (LT) alebo ju už podstúpili, sú vystavení vysokému riziku infekčných komplikácií v dôsledku oslabeného imunitného systému. Vakcinácia predstavuje kľúčovú stratégiu na prevenciu závažných infekcií v tejto vysoko rizikovej skupine. Účinnosť vakcín závisí od načasovania ich podania – optimálne je vakcinovať pacientov v raných štádiách ochorenia pred transplantáciou, keď je imunitná odpoveď najlepšia. Po transplantácii je vakcinácia možná, no vyžaduje stabilizáciu imunosupresívnej terapie. Podávanie živých vakcín po LT je kontroverzné, hoci nové výskumy naznačujú ich potenciálnu bezpečnosť v špecifických prípadoch. Tento článok sumarizuje odporúčané vakcinačné stratégie v Európe a vo svete, hodnotí účinnosť vakcinácie v tejto populácii a zdôrazňuje potrebu ďalšieho výskumu na optimalizáciu očkovacích postupov u pacientov s chronickými ochoreniami pečene a po transplantácii.
Patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD), those awaiting liver transplantation (LT), and post-transplant recipients face a high risk of infectious complications due to immune dysfunction. Vaccination is a key preventive strategy to protect this high-risk group from severe infections. The effectiveness of vaccines depends on the timing of administration – optimal vaccination occurs in the early stages of liver disease before transplantation when the immune response is strongest. Post-transplant vaccination is possible, but requires stabilization of immunosuppressive therapy. The administration of live vaccines after LT remains controversial, although recent research suggests their potential safety in specific cases. This paper summarizes recommended vaccination strategies in Europe and worldwide, evaluates the effectiveness of vaccination in this patient population, and highlights the need for further research to optimize immunization protocols for patients with chronic liver diseases and transplant recipients.
- MeSH
- imunosupresivní léčba MeSH
- infekční nemoci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci jater MeSH
- transplantace jater * MeSH
- vakcinace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Background Childhood vaccination rates fluctuate over time and do not always meet the levels recommended by the WHO. Objective This study aims to provide an overview of measures countries have introduced to increase vaccination rates. Methods We developed a structured data collection template that was completed by country experts from Europe, Israel, the USA, and Canada. Experts were identified using the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies' HSPM (Health Systems and Policy Monitor) network. We approached experts from 32 countries and received responses from 22 countries. In the template we asked for measures introduced between 2014 and 2019. The experts were asked to indicate the type of intervention, the target population, possible positive and negative effects, and evidence on effectiveness. The information was collected between September 2019 and January 2020. Results We identified four main types of interventions: restrictive measures for the unvaccinated, financial incentives, measures supporting the logistics of vaccination, and vaccination promotion campaigns. Restrictive measures often involved expanding existing mandatory vaccination policies or limiting access to pre-school activities for unvaccinated children. Financial incentives for healthcare providers showed some positive effects. Regarding logistical support, several countries used schools as alternative vaccination sites, though this presented organisational challenges. Many countries invested in improving knowledge among both healthcare professionals and parents to encourage vaccine uptake. Conclusions Most initiatives implemented in the countries covered focussed on communication and knowledge enhancement. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of these measures on vaccination coverage.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- očkovací programy * MeSH
- podpora zdraví * metody MeSH
- pokrytí očkováním * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- vakcinace * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Izrael MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
x
x
- MeSH
- hlášení nemocí MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie přenos prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- surveillance populace MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: The potential cross-protective effect of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is debated. Although immunological studies suggest cross-reactivity between MMR-induced immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. This study examined the association between an additional MMR dose and both COVID-19 clinical and serological outcomes in an adult cohort with verified pre-pandemic measles immunity. METHODS: In 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 3027 healthcare workers from a Czech university hospital underwent measles serology testing. Seronegative individuals were offered a single additional MMR dose. Between 2020 and 2021, 261 individuals from the original sample subsequently contracted COVID-19 and underwent post-infection SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology testing, having remained unvaccinated against COVID-19 until that time. RESULTS: Among 212 women and 49 men (mean age: 42.7 years), 150 were measles-seropositive (without additional vaccination) and 111 were measles-seronegative but received an additional MMR dose. Following COVID-19, 216 participants (82.8 %) exhibited SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity. No significant relationship was observed between measles immunity or MMR vaccine administration and COVID-19 clinical characteristics. However, individuals who received an additional MMR dose were significantly more likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity (88.3 % vs. 78.7 %; p = 0.042). Regression analysis confirmed additional MMR vaccination as an independent predictor of post-COVID-19 seropositivity (odds ratio 1.81, 95 % confidence interval 1.17-2.81, p = 0.008), irrespective of the interval between MMR vaccination and COVID-19 symptom onset. No correlation was found between pre-pandemic measles antibody titers and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (r = 0.09, p = 0.246). CONCLUSION: While no protective effect of adult MMR vaccination on COVID-19 clinical outcomes was observed, a significant immunological interaction was identified. These findings align with the concept of trained immunity and warrant further investigation.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * imunologie prevence a kontrola epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev imunologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- příušnice prevence a kontrola MeSH
- protilátky virové krev imunologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 imunologie MeSH
- sekundární imunizace * MeSH
- spalničky prevence a kontrola imunologie MeSH
- vakcína proti spalničkám, příušnicím a zarděnkám * imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zarděnky prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
