BACKGROUND: Vaccination against 5 prominent meningococcal serogroups (A/B/C/W/Y) is necessary for broad disease protection. We report immunopersistence through 4 years after a 2-dose (6-month interval) pentavalent MenABCWY primary vaccine series and safety and immunogenicity of a booster administered 4 years after primary vaccination. METHODS: This randomized, active-controlled, observer-blinded study was conducted in the United States and Europe. In stage 1, healthy MenACWY vaccine-naive or -experienced 10- to 25-year-olds were randomized 1:2 to receive MenABCWY and placebo or MenB-fHbp and MenACWY-CRM. Eligible participants were randomly selected to participate in stage 2, which was an open-label immunopersistence and booster extension. Immunogenicity was assessed through serum bactericidal antibody using human complement (hSBA) assays with serogroups A/C/W/Y (MenA/C/W/Y) and 4 primary serogroup B (MenB) test strains. Immunogenicity endpoints included hSBA seroprotection rates through 48 months after primary vaccination and 1 month after the booster. Safety endpoints included booster reactogenicity events and adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Of 1379 eligible participants, 353 entered stage 2; 242 completed the 48-month blood draw after primary vaccination and 240 completed the booster vaccination phase. MenA/C/W/Y seroprotection rates remained high for 4 years following a 2-dose MenABCWY primary series (MenACWY-naive, 62.0 %-100.0 %; MenACWY-experienced, 98.7 %-100.0 %) and trended higher than those after a single MenACWY-CRM dose (MenACWY-naive, 38.1 %-95.2 %; MenACWY-experienced, 89.7 %-100.0 %). Corresponding seroprotection rates against MenB remained stable and generally higher than baseline (MenABCWY, 18.2 %-36.6 %; MenB-fHbp, 16.2 %-31.9 % across strains). Following a booster, seroprotection rates against all 5 serogroups were ≥ 93.8 % across groups. Most booster dose reactogenicity events were mild or moderate in severity, and AEs were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Immune responses remained high for MenA/C/W/Y and above baseline for MenB through 4 years after the MenABCWY primary series, with robust responses for all 5 serogroups observed following a booster. The MenABCWY booster had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile consistent with the primary series. NCT03135834.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunogenicita vakcíny MeSH
- komplement imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- meningokokové infekce * prevence a kontrola imunologie MeSH
- meningokokové vakcíny * imunologie škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Neisseria meningitidis imunologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální * krev MeSH
- sekundární imunizace * metody MeSH
- séroskupina MeSH
- vakcíny konjugované imunologie aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Despite the lower virulence of current SARS-CoV-2 variants and high rates of vaccinated and previously infected subjects, COVID-19 remains a persistent threat in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). This study evaluated the parameters of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production in 120 KTRs. The production of neutralizing antibodies in KTRs, following booster vaccination with the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, was significantly decreased and their decline was faster than in healthy subjects. Factors predisposing to the downregulation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies included age, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a full dose of mycophenolate mofetil. Neutralizing antibodies correlated with those targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), SARS-CoV-2 Spike trimmer, total SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein, as well as with antibodies to the deadly SARS-CoV-1 virus. No cross-reactivity was found with antibodies against seasonal coronaviruses. KTRs exhibited lower postvaccination production of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2; however, the specificity of their humoral response did not differ compared to healthy subjects.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky * krev imunologie MeSH
- příjemce transplantátu * MeSH
- protilátky virové * krev imunologie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 * imunologie MeSH
- sekundární imunizace MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- transplantace ledvin * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- vakcína BNT162 imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- vakcíny proti COVID-19 imunologie aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Edice IR
Vydání 1. 340 stran : ilustrace ; 21 cm
Publikace se zaměřuje na dezinformace, propagandu, politiku a farmaceutické společnosti a jejich vztah k nedávným pandemiím. Určeno široké veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- dezinformace MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl MeSH
- komunikační média MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- politika MeSH
- strach MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Sociální procesy
- NLK Obory
- sociologie
- MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- pandemie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Healthcare workers are exposed to many infections in the course of their work. At the same time, healthcare workers can be a source of infection for the patients they care for. Vaccination of healthcare workers therefore plays an important role in improving the safety of both patients and healthcare workers. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B or hepatitis A, and in certain circumstances rabies or measles, is mandatory for healthcare workers. In addition, vaccination against influenza, covid-19, pertussis, meningococcal disease and varicella is recommended for healthcare workers.
- MeSH
- infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vakcinace * MeSH
- zdravotničtí pracovníci MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- digitální zdraví MeSH
- lékaři primární péče MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odborná způsobilost MeSH
- primární zdravotní péče * organizace a řízení MeSH
- telemedicína metody MeSH
- vakcinace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
Imunoterapie znamená průlom v léčebných paradigmatech některých hematologických malignit. Umožňuje posun od vysoce dávkovaných nespecifických chemoterapeutických protokolů k terapiím specifičtěji cíleným proti jednotlivým maligním komponentám. Kromě toho v mnoha případech stimuluje/moduluje vlastní imunitní systém proti nádorovému procesu, a je tedy všeobecně méně imunosupresivní než chemoterapeutické protokoly. Imunoterapie představuje velmi široký pojem, hrubě ji můžeme dělit na protilátkovou a buněčnou. Tento text má za cíl uvést nejzásadnější a nejperspektivnější postupy buněčné imunoterapie, a to nejen ve smyslu široce skloňovaných CAR-T lymfocytů.
Immunotherapy shifts therapeutic paradigms of several hematological malignancies. It enables a switch from high-dose, non-specific chemotherapy protocols to therapies more specifically targeted against individual malignant components. In many cases it aims to stimulate/support the body’s own immune system against the tumor process and is therefore generally less immunosuppressive than chemotherapy protocols. Immunotherapy represents a very broad issue. It can be roughly divided into antibody mediated and cellular immunotherapy. This text aims to outline the most relevant and promising cell-based approaches, not only in the sense of the widely inflected CAR-T lymphocytes.
- MeSH
- buňky NK imunologie MeSH
- chimerické antigenní receptory imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- hematologické nádory * farmakoterapie klasifikace MeSH
- imunoterapie adoptivní * klasifikace metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk klasifikace metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The use of nanoparticles as a delivery system for a specific antigen could solve many limitations of mucosal vaccine applications, such as low immunogenicity, or antigen protection and stabilization. In this study, we tested the ability of nasally administered chitosan nanoparticles loaded with glycoprotein B of murine cytomegalovirus to induce an immune response in an animal model. The choice of chitosan nanoparticle type was made by in vitro evaluation of sorption efficiency and antigen release. Three types of chitosan nanoparticles were prepared: crosslinked with tripolyphosphate, coated with hyaluronic acid, and in complex with polycaprolactone. The hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, stability, loading efficiency, and release kinetics with ovalbumin were evaluated. Balb/c mice were immunized intranasally using the three-dose protocol with nanoparticles, gB, and adjuvants Poly(I:C) and CpG ODN. Subsequently, the humoral and cell-mediated antigen-specific immune response was determined. On the basis of the properties of the tested nanoparticles, the cross-linked nanoparticles were considered optimal for further investigation. The results show that nanoparticles with Poly(I:C) and with gB alone raised IgG antibody levels above the negative control. In the case of mucosal IgA, only gB alone weakly induced the production of IgA antibodies compared to saline-immunized mice. The number of activated cells increased slightly in mice immunized with nanoparticles and gB compared to those immunized with gB alone or to negative control. The results demonstrated that chitosan nanoparticles could have potential in the development of mucosal vaccines.
- MeSH
- adjuvancia imunologická MeSH
- aplikace intranazální MeSH
- chitosan * chemie MeSH
- glykoproteiny MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunoglobulin A MeSH
- Muromegalovirus * MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nanočástice * chemie MeSH
- slizniční imunita MeSH
- vakcíny * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment paradigms for hematological malignancies. However, more than half of these patients cannot achieve sustainable tumor control, partially due to the inadequate potency of CAR-T cells in eradicating tumor cells. T cells are crucial components of the anti-tumor immune response, and multiple intrinsic T-cell features significantly influence the outcomes of CAR-T cell therapy. Herein, we review progressing research on T-cell characteristics that impact the effectiveness of CAR-T cells, including T-cell exhaustion, memory subsets, senescence, regulatory T-cells, the CD4+ to CD8+ T-cell ratio, metabolism, and the T-cell receptor repertoire. With comprehensive insight into the biological processes underlying successful CAR-T cell therapy, we will further refine the applications of these novel therapeutic modalities, and enhance their efficacy and safety for patients.
- MeSH
- chimerické antigenní receptory * imunologie MeSH
- hematologické nádory * terapie imunologie MeSH
- imunoterapie adoptivní * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- T-lymfocyty imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cestování je fenomén doby. I praktický lékař by měl být schopen podat svému pacientovi základní rady a informace a nasměrovat jej do specializovaného centra pro cestovní medicínu. Článek je velmi stručným shrnutím a úvodem do problematiky. Text může být osnovou pro předcestovní přípravu od anamnézy přes rutinní, povinná a doporučená očkování po preskripci antimalarické profylaxe, léků pro cestovní lékárničku a doporučení prostředků k ochraně před poštípáním hmyzem. Obsahuje rovněž odkazy na souhrnné literární a internetové zdroje, které jsou pro poskytnutí smysluplného předcestovního poradenství nezbytné.
Traveling is a phenomenon of the times. The general practitioner should be able to give his patient basic advice, and information and direct him to a specialized center for travel medicine. The article is a summary and introduction to the issue. The text can be an outline for pre-travel preparation from anamnesis to routine, mandatory, and recommended vaccinations to the prescription of antimalarial prophylaxis, drugs for the travel first aid kit, and recommendations for protection against insect bites. It also contains links to comprehensive literature and internet resources that are necessary to provide meaningful pre-travel advice.
