Zánět je součást reakce imunitního systému na zevní i vnitřní podněty, především infekčního charakteru. V posledních letech se pozornost odborníků přenáší od akutní zánětlivé reakce k chronickému mírnému systémovému zánětu. Tento fenomén zřejmě hraje roli v etiopatogenezi řady chronických onemocnění, jako jsou kardiovaskulární onemocnění, diabetes či obezita. Z hlediska psychiatrie je mimo jiné zkoumána zejména souvislost zánětu a psychotických onemocnění.
Inflammation is part of immune reaction to external and internal stimuli, particularly infectious insults. In recent years, the attention of experts has shifted from acute inflammatory response to mild chronic systemic inflammation. This phenomenon appears to play a role in the etiopathogenesis of many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. In psychiatry, connection between inflammation and psychotic disorders is one of the major study interests. There is multiple evidence, that inflammation plays a role in a certain group of patients with psychosis. Markers that can help recognize this state in both acute and chronic psychotic disorders have been identified. A specific phenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in which inflammation plays a significant role is being recognized. Research leads to theories of inflammation being one of the factors in the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. This article introduces theoretical and research backgrounds to the connection between psychotic diseases and the immune system and presents an insight into attempts at the practical implementation of this knowledge into clinical practice.
- MeSH
- imunitní systém MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- psychotické poruchy * etiologie imunologie MeSH
- schizofrenie etnologie imunologie MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: Mental health-related stigma affects people with mental disorders and their families. We aimed to investigate the experience of stigma among relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Belarus and formulate recommendations for anti-stigma interventions. METHODS: We conducted and thematically analysed 20 interviews with relatives of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Experience of discrimination, strategies to cope with it, and requests for interventions were examined. RESULTS: A number of themes related to the experience of stigma in the public life of relatives of people with schizophrenia were elicited in relation to: (1) mental health care (difficulties in contacting mental health professionals; in getting appropriate information; lack of alternatives to hospital treatment; absence of appropriate long-term care services); (2) employment of people living with schizophrenia and (3) contact with the police. Analysis of the strategies used to overcome difficulties revealed resignation and passive acceptance, self-reliance, and emotional containment during crises. Despite the passivity and scepticism in expressing needs, participants suggested a number of interventions that could reduce the burden of stigma. CONCLUSIONS: With respect to the public domain of life, substantial stigma and discrimination perceived by families of people living with schizophrenia in Belarus is associated with structural issues of the country's mental health care system. To reduce the stigma-related burden, action must be taken to: (1) educate and support families and (2) deal with structural issues, by reorganising mental health services to better meet the needs of the families of people diagnosed with schizophrenia, and by including them in decision making at all levels.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rodina etnologie MeSH
- schizofrenie etnologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- společenské stigma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Běloruská republika etnologie MeSH
Assaultive acts committed by people with a mental illness is a major public health issue that affects patients with their families, law enforcement authorities, and the public at large. Failure to provide treatment is in fact a major predictor of assaultive acts in patients with schizophrenia living in the community. Considering that the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia have similar sociocultural characteristics, these factors may be reflected in individuals with schizophrenia who have committed serious assaultive acts in Uzbekistan. Objectives: The aim of the work was to identify the sociocultural and clinical characteristics of schizophrenic representatives of indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia who have committed violent crimes in Uzbekistan and have been found insane in regard to their offence, and to compare these subjects to ones belonging to the other ethnic groups. Material and methods: The data were collected in 2010–2013 in the Tashkent High Security Psychiatric Hospital via face-to-face interviews and also from the patients’ charts and from forensic psychiatric examination statements. Results: The sample consisted of 201 individuals. The sample was 90.1 percent (n = 181) male, with a predominance of the paranoid schizophrenia subtype according to the ICD-10 criteria. Of the subjects, 174 ones (86.6%) were representatives of the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, and 27 ones (13.4%) were representatives of other ethnic groups. The duration of illness among the subjects belonging to the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia was less than in the other group; the individuals were rarely referred to psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness. A positive correlation between violence and various psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorder, has also been demonstrated in this group. European Medical, Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ISSN 1804-5804 Conclusions: Sociocultural characteristics, such as delayed referral for psychiatric care because of the popularity of alternative medicine and the stigma attached to mental illness among the indigenous ethnic groups of Central Asia, frequently factor into committing serious acts of assault because of developing psychotic symptoms at the early stages of disease despite their sufficient socioenvironmental adaptation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- etnicita psychologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kulturní charakteristiky * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- násilí * etnologie prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- pacientův souhlas se zdravotní péčí psychologie MeSH
- populační charakteristiky MeSH
- psychotické poruchy etiologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- schizofrenie * etiologie etnologie terapie MeSH
- sociální prostředí MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Uzbekistán MeSH
Amsterdam, a zvláště velká část jeho části Východ, je výjimečná příležitost k seznámení se s tematikou rozdílných etnik. V následujícím článku nabízím praktické zkušenosti ze svého působení jako lékař-asistent na oddělení ambulantní psychiatrie. Tentokrát předkládám několik úvah o transkulturálních aspektech psychiatrie a souvislosti etnicity a výskytu psychotických poruch.
- MeSH
- ambulantní péče metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- epidemiologie MeSH
- etnicita etnologie klasifikace psychologie MeSH
- komunitní psychiatrická střediska organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- kulturní různorodost MeSH
- psychotické poruchy diagnóza etiologie etnologie MeSH
- schizofrenie epidemiologie etnologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Nizozemsko MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CLOZAPIN (LEPONEX), RISPERIDON (RISPERDAL), OLANZAPIN (ZYPREXA), SERTINDOL (SERDOLECT),
- MeSH
- antipsychotika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- emigrace a imigrace MeSH
- haloperidol MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- schizofrenie diagnóza etnologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
