The trace element selenium (Se) is a crucial element for many living organisms, including soil microorganisms, plants and animals, including humans. Generally, in Nature Se is taken up in the living cells of microorganisms, plants, animals and humans in several inorganic forms such as selenate, selenite, elemental Se and selenide. These forms are converted to organic forms by biological process, mostly as the two selenoamino acids selenocysteine (SeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet). The biological systems of plants, animals and humans can fix these amino acids into Se-containing proteins by a modest replacement of methionine with SeMet. While the form SeCys is usually present in the active site of enzymes, which is essential for catalytic activity. Within human cells, organic forms of Se are significant for the accurate functioning of the immune and reproductive systems, the thyroid and the brain, and to enzyme activity within cells. Humans ingest Se through plant and animal foods rich in the element. The concentration of Se in foodstuffs depends on the presence of available forms of Se in soils and its uptake and accumulation by plants and herbivorous animals. Therefore, improving the availability of Se to plants is, therefore, a potential pathway to overcoming human Se deficiencies. Among these prospective pathways, the Se-biofortification of plants has already been established as a pioneering approach for producing Se-enriched agricultural products. To achieve this desirable aim of Se-biofortification, molecular breeding and genetic engineering in combination with novel agronomic and edaphic management approaches should be combined. This current review summarizes the roles, responses, prospects and mechanisms of Se in human nutrition. It also elaborates how biofortification is a plausible approach to resolving Se-deficiency in humans and other animals.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia chemie metabolismus MeSH
- biofortifikace * MeSH
- kyselina selenová chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- selen chemie metabolismus MeSH
- selenocystein chemie metabolismus MeSH
- selenomethionin chemie metabolismus MeSH
- selenoproteiny biosyntéza metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A model small-scale field experiment was set up to investigate selenium (Se) uptake by four different varieties of broccoli plants, as well as the effect of Se foliar application on the uptake of essential elements for plants calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). Foliar application of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4) was carried out at two rates (25 and 50 g Se/ha), and an untreated control variant was included. Analyses of individual parts of broccoli were performed, whereby it was found that Se in the plant accumulates mainly in the flower heads and slightly less in the leaves, stems, and roots, regardless of the Se rate and broccoli variety. In most cases, there was a statistically significant increase of Se content in all parts of the plant, while there was no confirmed systematic influence of the addition of Se on the changing intake of other monitored elements. Selenization of broccoli leads to an effective increase in the Se content at a rate of 25 g/ha, whereas the higher rate did not result in a substantial increase of Se content compared to the lower rate in all varieties. Therefore, the rate of 25 g/ha can be recommended as effective to produce broccoli with an increased Se content suitable for consumption. Moreover, Se application resulted in an adequate increase of the main organic compounds of Se, such as selenocystine (SeCys2), selenomethionine (SeMet), and Se-methylselenocysteine (Se-MeSeCys).
- MeSH
- biologický transport MeSH
- Brassica účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- cystin analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- kationty dvojmocné metabolismus MeSH
- kationty jednomocné metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- květy účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- organoselenové sloučeniny izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- selenocystein analogy a deriváty izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- selenomethionin izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- sloučeniny selenu izolace a purifikace metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
- stonky rostlin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malondialdehyd MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- selen aplikace a dávkování fyziologie nedostatek MeSH
- selenocystein metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- selenoproteiny biosyntéza krev moč MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři fyziologie MeSH
- stopové prvky nedostatek terapeutické užití MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři fyziologie MeSH
