Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy of plasma cells. Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial heritable component, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in a genome-wide association study totaling 10,906 cases and 366,221 controls, we identify 35 MM risk loci, 12 of which are novel. Through functional fine-mapping and Mendelian randomization, we uncover two causal mechanisms for inherited MM risk: longer telomeres; and elevated levels of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and interleukin-5 receptor alpha (IL5RA) in plasma. The largest increase in BCMA and IL5RA levels is mediated by the risk variant rs34562254-A at TNFRSF13B. While individuals with loss-of-function variants in TNFRSF13B develop B-cell immunodeficiency, rs34562254-A exerts a gain-of-function effect, increasing MM risk through amplified B-cell responses. Our results represent an analysis of genetic MM predisposition, highlighting causal mechanisms contributing to MM development.

• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• celogenomová asociační studie * MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maturační antigen B-buněk * genetika   MeSH
• mendelovská randomizace MeSH
• mnohočetný myelom * genetika   MeSH
• receptor TACI genetika   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• telomery genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

a) Kvantitativní analýza sérových hladin BAFF (B cell activating factor of the TNF family) a exprese jeho receptorů (BAFF-R,TACI a BCMA) na imunologicky relevantních buňkách periferní krve a svalových infiltrátů v patogenetickém mechanizmu idiopatickýchzánětlivých myopatií ve vztahu k aktivitě onemocnění. b) Zhodnocení vztahu SNPs v promotorové oblasti BAFF genu k diagnóze a k hladině BAFF proteinu, s posouzením míry korelace mezi rizikovou alelou (genotypem) HLA-DRB1*03 a těchto polymorfismů (HLA matched case-control study). c) Posouzení vlivu standardní terapie na hladiny BAFF a exprese jeho receptorů a stanovení prediktivní hodnoty všech zkoumaných parametrů pro riziko vývoje symptomatické hypogamaglobulinemie při terapii glukokortikoidy. d) Zhodnocení možného využití těchto vyšetření k vytipování případných kandidátů na B-depleční, nebo BAFF blokující terapii mezi nemocnými s nedostatečnou odpovědí na standardní léčbu.; a) Quantitative analysis of serum levels of BAFF (B cell activating factor of the TNF family) and expression of its receptors (BAFF-R, TACI and BCMA) on immunologically relevant cells in peripheral blood and muscle infiltrate to pathogenetic mechanisms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in relation to disease activity. b) The evaluation of relation of BAFF gene promotor region SNPs to diagnosis and level of BAFF protein with assessment of the extent of correlation with risk HLA-DRB1*03 allele (genotype) and these polymorphisms (HLA matched case-control study). c) The assessment of influence of standard treatment on serum BAFF levels and on expression of its receptors and evaluation of predictive values of measured variables for risk of development of symptomatic hypogammaglobulinaemia during the treatment. d) The evaluation of possible application of these assays for selection of candidates for B-cell depleting or BAFF blocking treatment from patients with inadequate response to standard treatment.

• MeSH
• alternativní sestřih MeSH
• dermatomyozitida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• faktor aktivující B-buňky MeSH
• fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
• histidin-tRNA-ligasa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• intersticiální plicní nemoci diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• maturační antigen B-buněk MeSH
• myozitida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• polymyozitida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• receptor faktoru aktivujícího B-buňky diagnostické užití   MeSH
• receptor TACI MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• revmatologie
• vnitřní lékařství
• biologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

INTRODUCTION: Anti-Jo-1 and anti-Ro52 autoantibodies are common in patients with myositis, but the mechanisms behind their production are not known. Survival of autoantibody-producing cells is dependent on B-cell-activating factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF). BAFF levels are elevated in serum of anti-Jo-1-positive myositis patients and are influenced by type-I interferon (IFN). IFN-producing cells and BAFF mRNA expression are present in myositis muscle. We investigated expression of the receptors for BAFF in muscle tissue in relation to anti-Jo-1 and anti-Ro52/anti-Ro60 autoantibodies and type-I IFN markers. METHODS: Muscle biopsies from 23 patients with myositis selected based on autoantibody profile and 7 healthy controls were investigated for expression of BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI). Nineteen samples were assessed for plasma (CD138) and B-cell (CD19) markers. The numbers of positive cells per area were compared with the expression of plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) marker blood dendritic cell antigen-2 (BDCA-2) and IFNalpha/beta-inducible myxovirus resistance-1 protein (MX-1). RESULTS: BAFF-R, BCMA and TACI were expressed in five, seven and seven patients, respectively, and more frequently in anti-Jo-1-positive and/or anti-Ro52/anti-Ro60-positive patients compared to controls and to patients without these autoantibodies (P = BAFF-R: 0.007, BCMA: 0.03 and TACI: 0.07). A local association of receptors with B and plasma cells was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The numbers of CD138-positive and BCMA-positive cells were correlated (r = 0.79; P = 0.001). Expression of BDCA-2 correlated with numbers of CD138-positive cells and marginally with BCMA-positive cells (r = 0.54 and 0.42, respectively; P = 0.04 and 0.06, respectively). There was a borderline correlation between the numbers of positively stained TACI cells and MX-1 areas (r = 0.38, P = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The expression pattern of receptors for BAFF on B and plasma cells in muscle suggests a local role for BAFF in autoantibody production in muscle tissues of patients with myositis who have anti-Jo-1 or anti-Ro52/anti-Ro60 autoantibodies. BAFF production could be influenced by type-I IFN produced by pDCs. Thus, B-cell-related molecular pathways may participate in the pathogenesis of myositis in this subset of patients.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD19 metabolismus   MeSH
• antinukleární protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• autoprotilátky * imunologie   MeSH
• B-lymfocyty metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktor aktivující B-buňky biosyntéza   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• interferon typ I farmakologie   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• maturační antigen B-buněk * biosyntéza   MeSH
• myozitida * imunologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• receptor faktoru aktivujícího B-buňky * biosyntéza   MeSH
• receptor TACI * biosyntéza   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny imunologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• svaly * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• syndekan-1 metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Mutations in the TNFRSF13B gene, encoding TACI, have been found in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and selective IgA deficient (IgAD) patients, but only the association with CVID seems to be significant. In this study, Czech CVID, IgAD and primary hypo/dysgammaglobulinemic (HG/DG) patients were screened for all TNFRSF13B sequence variants. The TNFRSF13B gene was mutated in 4/70 CVID patients (5.7%), 9/161 IgAD patients (5.6%), 1/17 HG/DG patient (5.9%) and none of 195 controls. Eight different mutations were detected, including the most frequent p.C104R and p.A181E mutations as well as 1 novel missense mutation, p.R189K. A significant association of TNFRSF13B gene mutations was observed in both CVID (p=0.01) and IgAD (p=0.002) Czech patients. However, when combined with all published data, only the association with CVID remained significant compared with the controls (9.9% vs. 3.2%, p<10(-6)), while statistical significance disappeared for IgAD (5.7% vs. 3.2%, p=0.145). The silent mutation p.P97P was shown to be associated significantly with CVID compared with the controls in both Czech patients (allele frequency 4.3% vs. 0.2%, p=0.01) and in connection with the published data (5.1% vs. 1.8%, p=0.003). The relevance of some TNFRSF13B gene variants remains unclear and needs to be elucidated in future studies.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• běžná variabilní imunodeficience genetika   MeSH
• deficience IgA genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• introny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace * MeSH
• receptor TACI genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH