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This review brings a survey of studies on analytical ITP published since 2016 until the first quarter of 2018 and includes chapters about theory and principles, instrumentation and techniques, and analytical applications of ITP. It shows the position of analytical ITP among contemporary separation techniques, where particularly its unique concentrating capabilities keep the interest to include it into novel high-sensitivity analytical procedures. The reviewed papers are considered according to their nature, techniques used, and instrumentation employed. The significance of electrolyte system composition is emphasized by providing explicit values where possible.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární * MeSH
- izotachoforéza * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
A fast method for the determination of tropane alkaloids, using a portable CE instrument with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (CE-C4D) was developed and validated for determination of atropine and scopolamine in seeds from Solanaceae family plants. Separation was obtained within 5 min, using an optimized background electrolyte consisting of 0.5 M acetic acid with 0.25% (w/v) β-CD. The limit of detection and quantification was 0.5 µg/mL and 1.5 µg/mL, respectively, for both atropine and scopolamine. The developed method was validated with the following parameters-precision (CV): 1.07-2.08%, accuracy of the assay (recovery, RE): 101.0-102.7% and matrix effect (ME): 92.99-94.23%. Moreover, the optimized CE-C4D method was applied to the analysis of plant extracts and pharmaceuticals, proving its applicability and accuracy.
Chiral ITP of the weak base methadone using inverse cationic configurations with H+ as leading component and multiple isomer sulfated β-CD (S-β-CD) as leading electrolyte (LE) additive, has been studied utilizing dynamic computer simulation, a calculation model based on steady-state values of the ITP zones, and capillary ITP. By varying the amount of acidic S-β-CD in the LE composed of 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid and the chiral selector, and employing glycylglycine as terminating electrolyte (TE), inverse cationic ITP provides systems in which either both enantiomers, only the enantiomer with weaker complexation, or none of the two enantiomers form cationic ITP zones. For the configuration studied, the data reveal that only S-methadone migrates isotachophoretically when the S-β-CD concentration in the LE is between about 0.484 and 1.113 mM. Under these conditions, R-methadone migrates zone electrophoretically in the TE. An S-β-CD concentration between about 0.070 and 0.484 mM results in both S- and R-methadone forming ITP zones. With >1.113 mM and < about 0.050 mM of S-β-CD in the LE both enantiomers are migrating within the TE and LE, respectively. Chiral inverse cationic ITP with acidic S-β-CD in the LE is demonstrated to permit selective ITP trapping and concentration of the less interacting enantiomer of a weak base.
The publications concerning capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for the 2-year period from mid-2016 to mid-2018 are covered in this update to the earlier reviews of the series. Relatively few reports on fundamental investigations or new designs have appeared in the literature in this time interval, but the development of new applications with the detection method has continued strongly. Most often, contactless conductivity measurements have been employed for the detection of inorganic or small organic ions in conventional capillary electrophoresis, less often in microchip electrophoresis. A number of other uses, such as detection in chromatography or the gauging of bubbles in streams have also been reported.
Planar polyamide 6 nanofibrous membrane was for the first time used in direct coupling of supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction to CE analysis. Disposable microextraction device with the nanofibrous membrane was preassembled and stored for immediate use. The membrane in the device was impregnated with 1 µL of 1-ethyl-2-nitrobenzene and the device was subsequently filled with 10 µL of acceptor solution (10 mM HCl) and 15 µL of donor solution (sample). The device was in-line coupled to CE system for selective extraction and direct injection, separation and quantification of model basic drugs (nortriptyline, haloperidol, loperamide and papaverine) from standard saline solutions (150 mM NaCl) and from undiluted human body fluids (urine and blood plasma). Compared to standard polypropylene supporting material, the nanofibrous membrane demonstrated superior characteristics in terms of lower consumption of organic solvents, constant volumes of operational solutions, full transparency and possibility to preassemble the devices. Extraction parameters were better or comparable for the nanofibrous vs. the polypropylene membrane and the hyphenated SLM-CE method with the nanofibrous membrane was characterized by good repeatability (RSD ≤ 11.3%), linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9953; 0.5-20 mg/L), sensitivity (LOD ≤ 0.4 mg/L) and transfer (27-126%) of the basic drugs.
- MeSH
- chemické modely MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- léčivé přípravky krev izolace a purifikace moč MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lineární modely MeSH
- membrány umělé * MeSH
- nanovlákna chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
