2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin
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Amino acids are crucial compounds involved in most biochemical processes essential for life. Since their dynamic turnover reflects the actual physiology of the cell/organism, a turnover assessment may provide valuable information related to multiple physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The sensitive determination of amino acids is predominantly associated with their derivatization which might be laborious, time-consuming and difficult to standardize. However, capillary electrophoresis offers the automatic injection and mixing of reactants, incubation of the reaction mixture, separation and detection of the reaction products in one on-capillary procedure. Among the on-capillary mixing strategies, electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) is superior in terms of mixing efficiency. In this paper, we present an optimization of EMMA for the simultaneous derivatization of standard amino acids by naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde/NaCN and its application to targeted human embryo metabolomics. For such a purpose, novel separation conditions were developed involving the background electrolyte, comprised of 73mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, 6.7 % (v/v) 1-propanol, 0.5mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin and 135mM boric acid/sodium hydroxide buffer (pH 9.00). Finally, the optimized EMMA was compared to a fundamentally different mixing strategy, namely the transverse diffusion of laminar flow profiles, and proved to be also suitable for human plasma analysis.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- beta-cyklodextriny MeSH
- chromatografie micelární elektrokinetická kapilární přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- fluorescence MeSH
- hydroxypropyl beta cyklodextrin MeSH
- krevní plazma chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term for fatty liver disease not caused by viruses or alcohol. Fibrotic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma can develop. The recent increase in NAFLD incidence worldwide has stimulated drug development efforts. However, there is still no approved treatment. This may be due in part to the fact that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis is very complex, and its mechanisms are not well understood. Studies with animals are very important for understanding the pathogenesis. Due to the close association between the establishment of human NASH pathology and metabolic syndrome, several animal models have been reported, especially in the context of overnutrition. In this study, we investigated the induction of NASH-like pathology by enhancing cholesterol absorption through treatment with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CDX). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal diet with normal water (control group); a high-fat (60 kcal%), cholesterol (1.25 %), and cholic acid (0.5 %) diet with normal water (HFCC group); or HFCC diet with 2 % CDX water (HFCC+CDX group) for 16 weeks. Compared to the control group, the HFCC and HFCC+CDX groups showed increased blood levels of total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. At autopsy, parameters related to hepatic lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were elevated, suggesting the development of NAFLD/NASH. Elevated levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes were evident in the HFCC+CDX group. In the novel rat model, excessive cholesterol intake and accelerated absorption contributed to NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis.
- MeSH
- cholesterol MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hydroxypropyl beta cyklodextrin metabolismus terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypercholesterolemie * metabolismus MeSH
- hyperlipidemie * MeSH
- játra metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- nealkoholová steatóza jater * chemicky indukované MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A method for the separation of enantiomers of leucine and phenylalanine benzothiazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents was developed using capillary zone electrophoresis with a dual cyclodextrin (CD) system. The best resolution of enantiomers was achieved in 100 mmol/L phosphate background electrolyte (pH 3.5) with the dual CD system consisting of 10 mmol/L of β-CD with 10 mmol/L of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for leucine derivative and 10 mmol/L of 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin for phenylalanine derivative, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the highest enantioresolution of 1.25 was achieved in a noncoated-fused silica capillary at 17°C and 24 kV applied voltage.
The health benefits of resveratrol have been proven to inhibit the development of numerous diseases. A frequent limitation in its use is a low bioavailability stemming from a poor solubility and fast enterohepatic metabolism. Thus, the aim of the research was to investigate the possibility to formulate mucoadhesive cyclodextrin- and xanthan gum-based buccal tablets in order to increase the solubility of resveratrol and to eliminate bypass enterohepatic metabolism. Systems of resveratrol with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) prepared by the dry mixing method (ratio 1:1) were selected for the of tablets where xanthan gum was used as a mucoadhesive agent. They were identified on the basis of PXRD, FT-IR analysis. Tablets F1 (with α-CD), F2 (with β-CD) and F3 (with γ-CD) were characterized by the highest compactibility as well as by favorable mucoadhesive properties. Resveratrol release from these tablets was delayed and controlled by diffusion. The tablets prepared in the course of this study appear to constitute promising resveratrol delivery systems and are recommended to increase the effectiveness of the treatment in many diseases, particularly periodontitis.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Byla stanovena rozpustnost nového antileukotrienického léčiva quinlukast (kyselina 4-{[4-(2-chinolylmethoxy) fenyl]sulfanyl}benzoová) ve vodě a ve vodných roztocích α-cyklodextrinu (α-CD), ß-cyklodextrinu (ß-CD), hydroxypropyl-ß-cyklodextrinu (HP-ß-CD, průměrný stupeň substituce 0,8) a methyl-ß-cyklodextrinu (M-ß-CD, průměrný stupeň substituce 1,8). Stanovená rozpustnost quinlukastu ve vodě byla 0,081±0,008 mmol/l (3,12±0,30 mg/100ml) a v roztocích ß-CD se pozorovalo pouze nevýznamné zvýšení rozpustnosti quinlukastu. Tři dobře rozpustné cyklodextriny však byly solubilizačně účinné, ve vodných roztocích s nevelkou koncentrací cyklodextrinu 5 g/100 ml se pozorovalo 12násobné zvýšení rozpustnosti quinlukastu v případě M-ß-CD a 10násobné zvýšení rozpustnosti v případě HP-ß-CD a α-CD. Byly stanoveny fázové diagramy rozpustnosti quinlukastu ve vodných roztocích těchto cyklodextrinů (do 0,05 mol/l). V případě M-ß-CD a HP-ß-CD byly diagramy rozpustnosti lineární (AL) a odpovídaly tvorbě rozpustného inkluzního komplexu quinlukast–cyklodextrin 1:1, s vyhodnocenými konstantami stability K11 300±35 l/mol (M-ß-CD) resp. 260± 30 l/mol (HP-ß-CD). Fázový diagram rozpustnosti quinlukastu ve vodných roztocích α-CD se vyznačoval výraznou pozitivní odchylkou od linearity (AP), solubilizační účinnost zředěných roztoků α-CD byla poměrně nízká, avšak progresivně vzrůstala s koncentrací α-CD. Při celkovém hodnocení se cyklodextriny α-CD, HP-ß-CD a M-ß-CD ukázaly být vhodnými solubilizéry quinlukastu do vodného roztoku.
Solubility of the new antileukotrienic drug quinlukast (4-{[4-(2-quinolylmethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}benzoic acid) was determined in water and in aqueous solutions of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD, average degree of substitution 0.8), and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD, average degree of substitution 1.8). The determined solubility of quinlukast in water was 0.081±0.008 mmol/l (3.12± 0.30 mg/100ml) and only an insignificant increase in quinlukast solubility was observed in aqueous solutions of β-CD. However, three well soluble cyclodextrins showed a marked solubilizing effect, in aqueous solutions with a moderate cyclodextrin concentration 5 g/100ml, a 12-fold increase in quinlukast solubility was observed in the case of M-β-CD, and a 10-fold increase in the case of both HP-β-CD and α-CD. Phase solubility diagrams of quinlukast in aqueous solutions of these cyclodextrins (up to 0.05 mol/l) were determined. In the cases of M-β-CD and HP-β-CD, the solubility diagrams were linear (AL) and they corresponded to the formation of a soluble inclusion complex quinlukast – cyclodextrin 1:1 with the evaluated stability constants K11 300±35 l/mol and 260±30 l/mol for M-β-CD and HP-β-CD, respectively. The phase solubility diagram of quinlukast in aqueous solutions of α-CD showed a marked positive deviation (AP) from linearity, the solubilization efficiency of dilute α-CD solutions was relatively low but it increased progressively with the increasing α-CD concentration. In the overall evaluation, the cyclodextrins α-CD, HP-β-CD and M-β-CD appeared to be suitable for the quinlukast solubilization into aqueous solutions.
We developed a method that enables us to distinguish between the same or the opposite enantiomer migration order (EMO) of two enantiomers of a chiral compound with two different selectors. The method is applicable to racemic samples and thus a standard of the pure enantiomeric form(s) is not required. First, complexation constants and mobilities of complexes of the two enantiomers with the first and second selector are determined. However, for a racemic sample it is not possible to deduce whether the first migrating enantiomer with one selector is the same one as the first migrating enantiomer with the second selector. A specific mixture of the two selectors is designed to resolve this. In case the two enantiomers exhibit the same, respectively the opposite EMO in the two selectors, the mixture does, respectively does not separate the racemic sample. Thus two peaks are detected in the first case, while a single coalescent peak is recorded in the opposite case. We demonstrate the method on a racemic sample of amphetamine. Its relative EMO is determined with three cyclodextrins, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin and heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-cyclodextrin.
Flubendazol je veterinární antiparazitikum, které působí toxicky na dospělé jedince i na larvální stadia oblých červů. Je téměř nerozpustný ve vodě, to ovlivňuje nejen výběr lékové formy, ale také jeho biologickou dostupnost. Jeho rozpustnost je možné zvýšit přidáním solubUizátorů a tenzidů nebo komplexací s cyklodextriny. Ve zveřejněné experimentem práci se použila metoda komplexace flubendazoln s 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyklodextrinem a sledoval se vliv teploty na výslednou rozpustnost léčiva. Konečnou lékovou formou byly pelety vyrobené metodou extruze a sferonizace.
Flubendazol is a veterinary antiparasitic agent wnicn acts toxically on both adult and larval stages of round worms. It is nearly insoluble in water and it influences not only the selection of the dosage form but also its biological availability. Its solubility can be increased by adding solutizers and tensides, or by complex-formation with cyclodextrins. In the published experimental paper the method of complex-formation of flubendazol with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was employed and the effect of temperature on the resultant solubility of the active ingredient was examined. The final dosage form was pellets produced with the use of the method of extrusion and spheronisation.
A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomeric purity and of impurities of the chiral calcimimetic drug cinacalcet hydrochloride has been developed following Quality by Design principles. The scouting phase was aimed to select the separation operative mode and to identify a suitable chiral selector. Among the tested cyclodextrins, (2-carboxyethyl)-β-cyclodextrin and (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (HPγCyD) showed good chiral resolving capabilities. The selected separation system was solvent-modified capillary zone electrophoresis with the addition of HPγCyD and methanol. Voltage, buffer pH, methanol concentration and HPγCyD concentration were investigated as critical method parameters by a multivariate strategy. Critical method attributes were represented by enantioresolution and analysis time. A Box-Behnken Design allowed the contour plots to be drawn and quadratic and interaction effects to be highlighted. The Method Operable Design Region (MODR) was identified by applying Monte-Carlo simulations and corresponded to the multidimensional zone where both the critical method attributes fulfilled the requirements with a desired probability π≥90%. The working conditions, with the MODR limits, corresponded to the following: capillary length, 48.5cm; temperature, 18°C; voltage, 26kV (26-27kV); background electrolyte, 150mM phosphate buffer pH 2.70 (2.60-2.80), 3.1mM (3.0-3.5mM) HPγCyD; 2.00% (0.00-8.40%) v/v methanol. Robustness testing was carried out by a Plackett-Burman matrix and finally a method control strategy was defined. The complete separation of the analytes was obtained in about 10min. The method was validated following the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines and was applied for the analysis of a real sample of cinacalcet hydrochloride tablets.
- MeSH
- beta-cyklodextriny chemie MeSH
- cinakalcet chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- gama-cyklodextriny chemie MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kontaminace léku MeSH
- metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
- pravděpodobnost MeSH
- rozpouštědla MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
New large-scale synthetic approach to antiretroviral agent 9-[2-(R)-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]-2,6-diaminopurine, (R)-PMPDAP, was developed. Reaction of (R)-propanediol carbonate with 2,6-diaminopurine afforded exclusively (R)-9-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2,6-diaminopurine which was subsequently used for introduction of a phosphonomethyl residue using TsOCH(2)P(O)(OiPr)(2) or BrCH(2)P(O)(OiPr)(2) followed by deprotection of ester groups. All minor ingredients and by-products formed during the process were identified and further studied. The final product was obtained in high yield and its high enantiomeric purity (>99%) was confirmed by chiral capillary electrophoretic analysis using β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector. Antiretroviral activity data of (R)-PMPDAP and its diverse prodrugs against HIV and FIV were investigated. Akin to (R)-PMPDAP, both prodrugs inhibit FIV replication in a selective manner. Compared to the parent molecule, the amidate prodrug was 10-fold less active against FIV in cell culture, whereas the alkoxyalkyl ester prodrug was 200-fold more potent in inhibiting FIV replication in vitro.
- MeSH
- adenin analogy a deriváty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antivirové látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- HIV-1 účinky léků MeSH
- organofosforové sloučeniny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- prekurzory léčiv chemie farmakologie MeSH
- stereoizomerie MeSH
- virus kočičí imunodeficience účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Assisted reproduction is a quickly developing field of reproductive medicine whose importance is growing every year due to the increasing number of patients suffering from infertility. As a result, there is a need for the continuous development and/or improvement of assisted reproductive technologies. This paper presents a new method for the in vitro measurement of the amino acid turnover of developing embryos based on capillary electrophoresis with light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection. Amino acids were derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde/NaCN, and the resulting fluorescent derivatives were baseline resolved within 25 min in a background electrolyte comprised of 50 mM sodium tetraborate, 73 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate, 5 mM sodium deoxycholate and 2.5 mM (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (pH ≈ 9.3). The migration time and the peak area repeatability (n = 10) were below 0.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The limits of detection ranged from 12.6 nM (histidine) to 39.3 nM (taurine). The developed method, which only requires 2 μL of raw sample, was successfully applied for determining the metabolic activity of human embryos exposed to different environmental stress conditions.
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- embryo savčí metabolismus MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie metody MeSH
- kultivační média analýza chemie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- naftaleny chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
