Arnold-Chiariho malformace je vzácná kongenitální vada zadního mozku, tj. anomálie dolní části mozkového kmene a cerebella, které se posunují přes foramen magnum kaudálně do páteřního kanálu. Časná diagnostika a adekvátní léčba jsou důležité pro další psychomotorický vývoj postiženého jedince. Prezentujeme případ prenatální diagnostiky Arnold-Chiariho malformace použitím 3D/4D uzltrazvukového zobrazení a fetální MRI-simulovaného zobrazení včetně přehledu této vady, jen vyjímečně diagnostikované v prenatálním období.

Arnold-Chiari malformation is a congenital deformity of rear brain, i.e. anomaly of the lower part of cerebral stem and cerebellum involving their caudal displacement through foramen magnum into the spinal canal. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment may be decisive for further psychomotor development of an affected individual. Here we present a case of a state-of-the-art prenatal diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari syndrome using 3D extended imaging, 3D/4D ultrasound and fetal MRI-like imaging, together with a literature review of this anomaly rarely diagnosed in prenatal period.

• Klíčová slova
• Arnold-Chiariho malformace, magnetická rezonance, prenatální ultrazvuková diagnostika,
• MeSH
• Arnoldův-Chiariho syndrom diagnóza   etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• prenatální diagnóza metody   MeSH
• ultrasonografie prenatální MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Conducting polymers (CP) can be used as pH- and/or electro-responsive components in various bioapplications, for example, in 4D smart scaffolds. The ability of CP to maintain conductivity under physiological conditions is, therefore, their crucial property. Unfortunately, the conductivity of the CP rapidly decreases in physiological environment, as their conducting salts convert to non-conducting bases. One of the promising solutions how to cope with this shortcoming is the use of alternative "doping" process that is not based on the protonation of CP with acids but on interactions relying in acidic hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the phosphonates (dimethyl phosphonate, diethyl phosphonate, dibutyl phosphonate, or diphenyl phosphonate) were used to re-dope two most common representatives of CP, polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) bases. As a result, PANI doped with organic phosphonates proved to have significantly better stability of conductivity under different pH. It has also been shown that cytotoxicity of studied materials determined on embryonic stem cells and their embryotoxicity, determined as the impact on cardiomyogenesis and erythropoiesis, depend both on the polymer and phosphonate types used. With the exception of PANI doped with dibutyl phosphonate, all PPy-based phosphonates showed better biocompatibility than the phosphonates based on PANI.

• MeSH
• aniliny chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace účinky léků   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• elektrická vodivost MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• myší embryonální kmenové buňky MeSH
• myši MeSH
• organofosfonáty chemie   MeSH
• polymery chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• pyrroly chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

One of the possible explanations for human within-sex variation in promiscuity stems from conditional strategies dependent on the level of body sex-dimorphism. There is some evidence that masculine men and feminine women are more promiscuous than their sex-atypical counterparts, although mixed results persist. Moreover, another line of evidence shows that more promiscuous women are rather sex-atypical. We tested whether diverse sex-dimorphic body measures (2D:4D, WHR/WSR, handgrip strength, and height and weight) influence sociosexual desires, attitudes, promiscuous behavior, and age of first intercourse in a sex-typical or sex-atypical direction. Participants were 185 young adults, 51 men and 54 women from Brazil, and 40 men and 40 women from the Czech Republic. In men stronger handgrip and more feminine 2D:4D predicted higher sociosexual behaviors, desires, and lower age of the first sexual intercourse. While in women, sociosexual desires were predicted by lower handgrip strength and more feminine 2D:4D. It thus seems that it is rather a mixture of masculine and feminine traits in men, and feminine traits in women that increase their sociosexuality. Masculine traits (height) predicting female promiscuous behavior were specific for only one population. In conclusion, a mosaic combination of sex-typical but also sex-atypical independent body traits can lead to higher promiscuity, particularly in men. Limitations, implications, and future directions for research are considered. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Neotropical Behaviour.

• MeSH
• koitus fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• sexuální chování fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• síla ruky fyziologie   MeSH
• velikost těla fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH